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Aug 09, 2022

Scholarship Memorial Fund by National Law University, Jodhpur

A Scholarship Memorial Fund has been created for the students of NLU Jodhpur, accepting applications from Aug 3rd through Aug 31, 2022. About National Law University, Jodhpur National Law University, Jodhpur is a public law school and a National Law University established under the National Law University, Jodhpur, Act, 1999 enacted by the Rajasthan State Legislature. About the Scholarship A Scholarship Memorial Fund has been created for the students of 3’d to 5th year in the fond memory of Late Professor Vedartam Seshaiah Shastri namely Vedantam Seshaiah Shasthri Memorial Fund, to motivate the needy students. Eligibility 3rd, 4th and 5th-year students of NLU, Jodhpur, whose family income is less than INR 8 lacs. Amount of Scholarship INR 50,000/- To apply click here To know more about the scholarship click here

Sumasri

Aug 08, 2022

Bhumi Fellowship for Young Graduates 2023-25

Applications are invited from eligible young graduates for Bhumi Fellowship 2023-25. The last date of application is 15 August. About Bhumi Bhumi is one of India’s largest volunteer organisations. Since 2006, the organisation has been providing youngsters a platform to serve society and bridge the gap between the educated and the uneducated. Our volunteers and staff educate and mentor children from orphanages, slum and village community centres and low-income schools across the country to give them a better future, which will benefit them as well as our country. Bhumi’s educational programs are currently operational across 12 cities in India. About Bhumi Fellowship The Bhumi Fellowship is a full-time paid two-year program designed to develop educational changemakers to lead the next movement in the public education system. Centred around the holistic development of children, the Bhumi fellowship will help you build an ecosystem within the school, to enable school leaders and teachers to equip students with the knowledge, adaptability, and resilience to excel. Roles and Responsibilities Work actively on improving student learning outcomes by teaching for a minimum of 12-15 hours every week Support teachers with innovative teaching methods and upskilling them towards achieving excellent student learning outcome Create a culture of collaboration, learning and love within the school to enable the social and emotional development of students Improve the leadership skills of Headmasters/Headmistresses Identify the challenges faced by the school or the community and design a robust and sustainable solution Build effective community-school linkages to improve the investment of the community in Education Facilitate training and spaces for teachers in the school towards building their knowledge, skills, and mindsets Eligibility Preferred Education Qualification / Experience: Graduate in any stream. A degree in Education is a plus. Proven track record of excellence Who are we looking for: Youth aged between 20-30 years. Having volunteer experience is a plus, not mandatory. Is truly inclined to work in the social sector especially the education sector by creating impacts. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities: Leadership skills – ability to lead and drive initiatives Ability to build relationships and invest in them Problem-solving and critical thinking Passion for social change through Education Excellent written and oral communication skills (ability to speak in Tamil mandatory) Good computer knowledge and MS Office skills. Remuneration A stipend of Rs. 18,000, non-negotiable Duration Commitment: 2 years (to be eligible for the fellowship completion certificate) Location Chennai (Additional grant of INR 5,000 shall be applied for outstation fellows upon permanent relocation to Chennai for the fellowship). Application Interested candidates can apply online via this page. Deadline 15 August 2022. For more details click here

Sumasri

Aug 08, 2022

What do Corporate Lawyers do? (Types of Corporate Law)

The primary mandate of a Corporate Lawyer, whether working in an international law firm advising corporate giants on multibillion-dollar mergers and acquisitions or facilitating a health-tech start-up with contract negotiations, is to counsel organizations whether large or small, on their legal rights, responsibilities, and regulations. Corporate law, often known as company law, is a vast practice area that is important to law firms and in-house legal departments alike. It is a practice area that deals with the rules and regulations that govern business processes and transactions including mergers, acquisitions, equity investments, and restructuring, among other things. When a corporation hires a corporate lawyer, the lawyer represents the corporation as a whole, rather than its shareholders or employees, which might be a difficult notion to understand until one realizes that a business is treated the same way as a person in the eyes of the law. The law considers a company as a separate legal entity or "person" from its owners and shareholders. While taking on other forms of employment, corporate lawyers ensure that businesses comply with all laws, rules, and regulations. Contrary to common assumption, most corporate lawyers seldom set foot in a courtroom, meaning they spend most of their time advising and assisting a company in avoiding litigation. The majority of Corporate Lawyers' job is "transactional" in nature. Corporate lawyers are frequently employed by big or mid-sized law firms with corporate law departments and most of whom specialize in practice areas, such as general corporate, mergers and acquisitions, venture capital, or securities, some of which have been discussed in detail below: General Corporate The general corporate practice encompasses all aspects of a company's life cycle, from entering strategy through incorporation and structuring, contracts and regulatory compliance, to corporate governance and transparency and accountability measures. The goal is not just on ensuring that the businesses are legally compliant, but also on anticipating future risk areas and provision of timely assistance and advice. Lawyers, company secretaries, and compliance specialists work in General Corporate practice to guarantee that businesses comply with all legal and commercial requisites. The corporate practice provides assistance on the following: Commercial advice in the area of general corporate including information on the Companies Act, SEBI rules, foreign exchange management legislation, legal metrology laws, and BIS rules and regulations; Compliance audits and gap analysis; Outbound and inbound investments including joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions; Forming legally viable structures, conducting due diligence, creating and negotiating transaction documentation, and assisting in closing necessary compliances are all part of private equity transactions; Interpretation of Policies; Establishing the business entity; Drafting of various contracts and agreements; Business restructuring; Statutory and regulatory compliances. General Corporate practice is also involved in helping customers with a wide range of commercial contracts, including employment contracts, sales and purchase agreements, intercompany agreements, licensing agreements, franchise agreements, and so on. To assist industry leaders and regulators, this profession also includes policy advice and lobbying. Alternate Dispute Resolution Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is generally classified into at least four types: negotiation, mediation, collaborative law, and arbitration. Sometimes, conciliation is included as a fifth category, but for simplicity may be regarded as a form of mediation. Arbitration and mediation typically bring disputes to resolution without appeals or other prolonged judicial proceedings. There are occasions, however, where judicial challenges are imposed to address issues relating to the scope and enforceability of the dispute resolution process. In addition, there are other cases where collateral or appellate litigation inevitably occurs, whether justified or not. The alternate dispute resolution practice of a law firm usually includes: Choosing the appropriate ADR method. Counselling regarding the ADR clause in the contract agreement. Choice of law and seat of arbitration in case of international arbitration. Appointment of mediator, conciliator or arbitrator. Advising and representing clients from the commencement of arbitration until the final hearing of the matter Seeking interim measures of protection from courts and arbitral tribunals Assisting in enforcing arbitral awards and taking recourse against awards Mergers and Acquisitions Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is a component of corporate law that deals with corporations or businesses that acquire/buy and/or merge with one other other corporations or businesses. M&A transactions are among the most complicated and crucial events in a company's expansion policy, with both internal as well as external ramifications. M&A lawyers help their clients pick the right financing for mergers and acquisitions, as well as provide guidance on the drafting, reviewing, negotiation, and execution and the due diligence of contracts relating to the sale of business assets. Large and medium-sized businesses do the vast majority of M&A activities. Buying and selling public companies is a common emphasis for large organizations. Private company mergers and acquisitions can be complex, especially when partnerships are involved. These are the largest and most complicated transactions, which are frequently cross-border and may entail cash and/or equity considerations. This practice area includes the following transactions: Acquisitions and divestitures – of shares, assets, and enterprises (by private, public, and publicly traded companies); Mergers, demergers, and amalgamations; schemes of arrangement, mergers, demergers, and amalgamations; Management buy-outs and leveraged buy-outs; Distressed asset sales and purchases; Capital and debt restructuring, as well as stock buybacks and capital reductions, are all examples of restructurings. Private Equity and Venture Capital Private equity and Venture Capital is a branch of corporate law in which lawyers represent investors, sponsors, and managers of public and private pension plans, broker-dealers, investment advisers, custodians, and other financial industry service providers across the entire investment spectrum, with an emphasis on public and private debt, equity, and other investment options and investment vehicles, as well as related investment transactions, trajectories and pathways. Private Equity and Venture Capital practice include assisting in: Compliance with Takeover Regulations and Insider Trading Regulations through investment arrangements; Onshore and offshore fund structure and creation in India and abroad, as well as tax-efficient investment alternatives in India; Fund representation, either individually or as syndicate members; Drafting regulatory approval applications and dealing with compliance with regulatory bodies, such as SEBI / RBI; Documentation for fundraising; Prospective investee firms and prospects are subjected to due diligence. Negotiations from the term sheet stage through the close; Downstream investments; Guidance on portfolio businesses' continuing operations; Exit strategies and put them into action; Formation and structure of advisory and asset management firms; Advising investee firms on matters pertaining to venture capital and private equity investment; Banking and Finance Banking and finance is a booming industry that intersects with a variety of sectors and overlaps with a variety of other professional areas both regionally and globally. Structured finance, securitization, project financing, promoter funding/loan against shares, syndicated lending, consortium lending, bonds, debentures, and commercial papers are all specific practice areas for banking and finance lawyers. Their role involves negotiating and documenting the contractual connection between lenders and borrowers, as well as guaranteeing that the terms of loan agreements represent their clients' best legal and economic interests. Corporate Debt - bilateral and syndicated rupee and foreign currency credit for capital expenditure, working capital, and general corporate objectives. Project Finance - roads, ports, airports, railways, conventional electricity, wind and solar power, and oil and gas are just a few of the Infrastructure & Energy industries where project finance is available. Acquisition And Leveraged Financing - employing senior secured, mezzanine, and subordinated loan structures for domestic and cross-border acquisitions and leveraged agreements. Asset Finance - for the purchase of equipment, ships, planes, and helicopters, as well as the establishment of security on such assets with Indian regulatory agencies. Real Estate Finance - is used to fund the purchase of real estate properties and projects, as well as the building of residential and commercial projects, as well as lease rental discounting and refinancing. Trade Finance - buyer's credit, supplier's credit, short- and long-term loans against exports, pre- and post-shipment credit, and bill discounting. Securitization - both traditional and asset-backed, as well as the establishment of securitisation trusts, the issuance of security receipts, and the issuance of securitized debt instruments Debt Capital Markets - debentures, foreign currency bonds, commercial paper, masala bonds, bank, and corporate MTN programmes, and other privately placed debt instruments. Corporate Debt Restructuring And Insolvency - asset reconstruction, schemes of arrangement, and actions under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. White Collar Practice The term "white-collar crime" refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crimes committed by individuals, businesses and government professionals. The White Collar practice in law firms defends businesses, senior executives, public officials and other individuals in a wide range of investigations and prosecutions. A typical white-collar practice in a law firm usually includes the following: Corporate Finance. Collecting, preserving, certifying and analysing evidence to help uncover facts and identify persons involved. Examining and establishing compliance policies. Assisting Indian companies to customize their anti-corruption and bribery policy to suit Indian and International law. Conducting training and awareness programs. Detection, incident management and risk mitigation. Liaising with internal and external agencies to provide end-to-end management of breach of security and fraud incidents. Liaising with internal and external agencies to strategically mitigate damage to reputation and unwarranted publicity. Structuring an organisation’s response to an incident. Implementing processes to handle future incidents in-house. Litigation support in criminal and civil proceedings. Representing in internal investigations and criminal and enforcement matters initiated by the government. Asset Management Corporate Lawyers in the Asset Management Practice assist institutional alternative asset managers, smaller first-time sponsors and fund of funds, institutional investors, development finance institutions (DFIs), sovereign and pension funds, private banking businesses, government and corporate institutions, family offices, and placement agents with a full range of legal services. The following are some of the areas where Corporate Lawyers work in Asset Management practice: Fund formations span all major asset classes and encompass retail and alternative investment fund formats. Drafting and negotiating fund investments, IMAs, custody, and prime brokerage agreements are all part of investment management. Regulatory reform – establishing compliance programs for asset managers operating in the United Kingdom, the European Union, the United States, and Asia-Pacific. Asset managers, underlying assets, and money transfers are all part of corporate and finance transactions in private equity, debt, real estate, and infrastructure. Working with lenders, borrowers, and sponsors at all levels of the capital system is what private credit is all about. Using the entire spectrum of solutions and international possibilities accessible to sophisticated investors for distressed investments and restructuring. Consultations with industry — working with individual clients or trade associations to successfully advocate their interests before regulators and legislators. Conclusion In a corporation, the corporate lawyer serves a variety of important roles. A corporate lawyer's responsibilities include ensuring corporate housekeeping (housekeeping typically refers to documents that involve the day-to-day operations and regular activities of the corporation), reviewing and evaluating contracts and documents, providing advisory and support to the company's senior leadership, and rendering views and interpretations of relevant court judgements. A corporate lawyer helps businesses comply with rules and regulations, but that is only the beginning. In reality, everyone starting a business might profit from the services of a corporate lawyer. One of the main reasons behind this is that a corporate lawyer can help you build and plan your business for prosperity, even if you do not choose a corporation as your business structure. That being said, the job profile of a corporate lawyer is equal parts hectic as well as diverse, and one has to have a challenge-loving mindset in order to excel in this field.

Sumasri

Aug 05, 2022

How To Qualify And Practice As A Lawyer In the USA

The USA has become an attractive destination for foreign lawyers who wish to settle and practice law. The United States has a long history of legal practice and is considered one of the best legal systems in the world. An established legal practice in the US can benefit the career of any lawyer. There is, however, cut-throat competition with the biggest and brightest legal minds in the country who have graduated from world-class legal departments such as Harvard, Stanford, and Columbia Law Schools. Practising law may be easy but it is difficult to establish a mark in the US, especially for foreign lawyers. In this article, we will simplify and explain the requirements that are needed to practise law in the US for an Indian Lawyer. The USA has a Common Law System. Fortunately, India also has a common law system. This makes it easier to pursue law in the USA if you have a degree obtained from India. Being a true federal system, all states have different requirements for admission to the Bar. Choose the State Where You Wish to Practice: - All states in the United States have different requirements to be admitted to the bar. This is a result of the federal structure of the US. It allows all the federal states to develop their own rules and process for admission. Choosing a state depends on a number of personal as well as impersonal factors. The choice is made by the lawyer at his discretion depending on his preferences. Once you select a state, you may apply for the Bar Examination in that state in order to be a practising lawyer there. Appearing for the Bar Exam is compulsory in order to practise. For the purpose of this article, we will be referring to New York as it is one of the most sought-after states for foreign lawyers. New York is preferred as it is easier to be a lawyer in New York compared to other states in the US, more so as it is also considered the financial capital of the United States. Accreditation of Law School by ABA The ABA or the American Bar Association approves some law schools under itself. Only those approved law school graduates are allowed to appear for bar exams. This is compulsory in the majority of states in the US. This makes it very difficult as foreign law schools do make an entry as they do not have ABA accreditation. Thankfully, the State of New York Bar allows Non-ABA approved law graduates to appear for the law exam as well. Some other states that follow the same practice are the states of Washington & California. Eligibility and Qualification In the state of New York, The Rules of the Court of Appeals for the Admission of Attorneys and Counselors at Law have laid down the eligibility for one to appear for the bar exam when they are a foreign applicant i.e. from India or any other foreign state. A. Rule 520.6 (b) (1) (most applicants will be applying under this provision) has four major eligibility requirements: Qualifying Degree (520.6 [b] [1]). The foreign-educated applicant must have fulfilled the educational requirements for admission to the practice of law in a foreign country other than the United States. The applicant must have a qualifying degree, which must be a degree in law. Accreditation (520.6[b][1]). The qualifying degree must be from a law school or schools recognized by a competent accrediting agency of the government of the foreign country and must be deemed qualified and approved. Durational Equivalence (520.6 [b] [1] [i] [a]). The applicant’s period of law study must be successfully completed. The program of study must also be “substantially” equivalent in duration to a full-time or part-time program required at a law school in the United States approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) and in substantial compliance with the instructional and academic calendar requirements of section 520.3(c)(1)(i) and (ii) and 520.3(d)(1). Substantial Equivalence (520.3[b] [1] [i] [b]). The foreign country’s jurisprudence must be based upon the principles of the English Common Law, and the "program and course of law study" successfully completed by the applicant must be the “substantial” equivalent of the legal education provided by an ABA-approved law school in the United States. According to this, an Indian applicant must have studied at an Indian law school approved by the Bar Council of India. The degree obtained from the Law school must also be recognised by the Bar Council. Lastly, the education must be equivalent to the standards of education in the US in the aspects of duration and common law. The requirements listed above are similar to the state of Washington where one needs two to three years of experience as a practising lawyer in their jurisdiction. Online Foreign Evaluation This is the first step that will kickstart one’s process to enter the New York state bar. The Foreign Evaluation is a process that will pave the way to giving your bar exam. Application for foreign evaluation does not mean that the candidate can appear for the Bar. It has to be submitted before the application is made for the Bar Examination. The foreign evaluation determines the eligibility of the candidate. Applying for the bar exam without receiving determination of eligibility will be risky for the candidate. The candidate also has to submit the following documents that will prove their eligibility. Taking The Bar Exam Foreign lawyers who wish to sit for the bar examination should refer to the Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admission Requirements and contact the state board of examiners in the state(s) in which they wish to sit for the bar exam. A directory of state bar admission agencies can be found in the Comprehensive Guide. The bar exam is taken in several parts over at least two days. Most states will dedicate one day to the Multistate Bar Examination, a multiple choice exam covering topics not specific to the law of any one state, such as Contracts, Torts, Property, Constitutional Law, and Evidence. Another day would cover the law of the specific state in which you are taking the exam. This might be a multiple choice exam, an essay exam, or both. Additionally, the exam may include the Multistate Performance Test, which is designed to evaluate lawyering skills rather than substantive law. Finally, you will need to pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam, which tests your knowledge of professional ethics. This exam is administered on a separate occasion from the regular bar exam. Legal Education In The United States If you are someone who has undergone his legal education in the United States itself, you may skip the procedures outlined above as you will be directly eligible for the Bar Exam. In the table below we have outlined some of the leading law colleges in the country according to their rankings in the U.S. News & World Report. Yale Law School (always #1) Harvard Law School (#2–4) Stanford Law School (#2–3) Columbia Law School (#4–5) University of Chicago Law School (#3–5) New York University School of Law (#5–6) University of Pennsylvania Law School (#7–8) University of Virginia Law School (#7–10) University of California Berkeley Law School (#6–9) Duke Law School (#10–11) University of Michigan Ann Arbor Law School (#7–10) Northwestern Law School (#10–12) Cornell Law School (#13–14) Georgetown Law School (#13–15) Source: HERE. Documents Required for New York Bar Exam: - Official Transcript(s). Submit a final, official transcript directly from every law school attended that includes the dates of attendance for each period of study, the courses taken and passed for each period of study, the grades, the number of credits, the degree awarded, and the date the degree was awarded. Degree Certificate. If the official transcript does not clearly state the degree awarded and/or the date such degree was awarded, you must also furnish the degree certificate. Proof of fulfillment of the educational requirements for admission to the practice of law in a foreign country. (a) If you are admitted to practice law in a foreign country, attach a copy of your admission certificate, OR (b) If you are not admitted to practice law in a foreign country, submit proof of the educational requirements for admission to practise law in your country and proof from the bar admission authorities that you have fulfilled these requirements. Accreditation. Submit a written statement from the competent accrediting agency of your foreign government that the law school or schools you attended were recognized by them as qualified and approved throughout your period of study. Further, a written statement that your law school has an affiliation with the National Bar Council also has to be proved. Bar Examination After the above process is completed, one can apply to appear for the bar examination. The fees that have to be paid during application for the bar exam is $750. This fee is for foreign applicants only. The Bar Examination is a high-quality, uniform battery of tests. It consists of the Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), the Multistate Performance Test (MPT), and the Multistate Essay Examination (MEE). It tests knowledge of general principles of law, legal analysis and reasoning, and communication skills – essentially, it tests the fundamental knowledge and lawyering skills that are needed to begin the practice of law. The bar exam is ideally for two days where the various sections of the exam are taken in the morning and in the afternoon sessions of the exam. In order to pass the examination, the applicant has to score 266 out of 400. The subjects covered are Administrative Law, Business Relationships, Civil Practice and Procedure, Conflict of Laws, Contracts, Criminal Law and Procedure, Evidence, Matrimonial and Family Law, Professional Responsibility, Real Property, Torts and Tort Damages, and Trusts, Wills and Estates. LLM Approach in California As most states in the US only allow ABA-approved law school students to appear for the bar, a foreign lawyer can easily pursue an LLM course in any state ABA-approved college in the US. Again, this is only allowed in a few states such as California. It allows the candidate to sit for the bar exam after a law degree from an ABA college is received. It easily allows one to appear for the bar exams in the state as they completed some of their legal education in the US. The candidate must complete 200 hours of coursework at an LL.M. or other law program, which includes courses in four subjects tested on the California bar exam. Immigration After carrying out all of the above i.e. evaluation, documents, application for the exam, appearing for the exam, etc. there is one key thing that makes your legal career in the US possible. Namely, immigration. As you are immigrating to the US permanently for work there are some aspects that need to be observed in terms of Visa and Immigration. One can apply for an H1-B visa which is ideally the one provided for people who have completed professional studies and wish to move to the US under such a work visa. There are some requirements that need to be fulfilled and some eligibility criteria. We recommend that hiring an immigration lawyer will simplify these aspects for you. Extraordinary Ability Visa The O-1 Extraordinary Ability Visa will allow attorneys who demonstrate they have extraordinary ability to enter the US. There are requirements to prove that you have shown extraordinary ability in your profession in which you should consult an immigration lawyer. What Are The Top Law Firms Based In The United States? Kirkland & Elis Latham &Watkins Baker McKenzie Clifford Chance DLA Piper LLP Conclusion These are certain aspects that have to be considered when one wishes to practise law in the US. Every state has different criteria. Anyone who wishes to work in a particular state is advised to visit the Bar Association website of that state for all the important and relevant details, and for a more comprehensive understanding of the entire process. Legal Bots wishes you all the best!

Sumasri

Aug 04, 2022

Skoll Scholarship 2023 to Study at University of Oxford’s Said Business School

Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the Skoll Scholarship 2023 to Study at the University of Oxford’s Said Business School. About the School Saïd Business School is the business school of the University of Oxford. The School is a provider of management education and is consistently ranked as one of the world’s top business schools. Oxford School of Management Studies was rebranded as Saïd Business School in 1996 after a donation from Wafic Saïd. About the Skoll Scholarship The Skoll Scholarship is a competitive scholarship for incoming MBA students to Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, who pursue entrepreneurial solutions for urgent social and environmental challenges. The Scholarship covers the full course fees for the MBA programme, as well as partial living expenses. The Skoll Scholarship provides funding for entrepreneurs who have set up or have been working in entrepreneurial initiatives with a social purpose or who have pursued an impact career, and who wish to improve their knowledge of market-oriented practices so they can be more effective in their subsequent social change pursuits. In addition to financial support, the Scholarship provides access to the Skoll Scholar community, a group of leaders who are positively impacting the world through innovation and systems change, as well as exclusive opportunities to meet with world-renowned entrepreneurs, thought leaders, and investors. The Scholarship is given in recognition that the MBA may represent a significant financial burden, particularly for those who have chosen to work in the social impact/innovation space rather than the purely commercial or public sectors. Eligibility Entrepreneurial action You have identified opportunities and taken action in order to make positive social impact You have spent preferably at least 3 years driving change through entrepreneurial approaches. For example, you could have: Started or grown a social venture OR created and led the expansion of a social impact initiative within an organisation OR been tackling a specific social/environmental issue, through a core thread that unites your work Creating Impact with a focus on systems change You can demonstrate the outcomes and impact of your entrepreneurial action Your impact addresses unjust systems and practises in your area of work Personal qualities of a social entrepreneur You are a force for positive change You are single-minded and persistent, with a willingness to fail and start again You have bias toward action You have a tendency to explore your environment for opportunities and resources You have a willingness to take personal, and sometimes financial, risks You develop networks and leverage members to pursue mutual goals You have apprenticed with the problem* or experienced the problem you are trying to solve The Oxford MBA is critical to your career trajectory You can demonstrate why business education is essential in helping to develop your work/impact at this stage Financial need You are in a position where the cost of the programme is a significant financial burden You can demonstrate the need for the Scholarship (for example, due to previous work experiences or personal circumstances) How to Apply? To apply for the Skoll Scholarship follow these steps: Connect with us to register your interest in the Scholarship and make sure you’re kept up to date with announcements about upcoming deadlines. Apply for the Oxford MBA programme directly to Saïd Business School. You need to do this during stages 1, 2 or 3 of the MBA admissions process. As part of your MBA application, upload your answers to the Skoll Scholarship essay questions and submit your MBA application! You’ll find the Scholarship essay questions under the “Funding” section of the MBA application. We would advise that you allow yourself about 1-weeks’ time to answer the Skoll Scholarship essay questions. The MBA Admissions Team will then assess your application and determine if you are accepted onto the MBA programme or not. If you received confirmation that you have been accepted onto the MBA programme, your application will automatically go forward to the Skoll Scholarship Selection Committee. Applications for the Scholarship are reviewed after each MBA admissions stage. You will receive an update on the status of your Scholarship application and whether your application is going forward to final shortlisting shortly after MBA admission decisions have been made from each stage. If you receive confirmation that your Scholarship application is going forward to final shortlisting, keep an eye out for an email from the Skoll Centre with a link to the Logistics and Reference Form. See the timelines below to know when to expect this email. Once you have received the email, complete the Logistics and Reference Form. This consists of a series of short questions to confirm your contact details (in case you are invited to interview), how you heard about the Scholarship and your referee's contact details. Please note, your referees will not be contacted unless you get to the final stages of the selection process. Benefits of Scholarship The Scholarship is intended to cover the Oxford Saïd MBA course fees. Additional funds are provided as a contribution towards living expenses. In rare cases partial scholarships may be offered. Contact Email: skollscholarship@sbs.ox.ac.uk For more details click here

Sumasri

Aug 03, 2022

TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme 2022-23

Applications are now open for The TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme for the academic year 2022-2023, till August 27, 2022. About TNNLU Tamil Nadu National Law University, formerly Tamil Nadu National Law School, is a National Law University. With a view to making access to legal education more inclusive, TNNLU has evolved this “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme”. About TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme This scheme covers the financial assistance granted by TNNLU alone. Such assistance shall be called the “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme”. However, for external scholarships granted by the government or other agencies, the institutional mechanism created by this policy shall act as a facilitator if the applying students so desire. “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme” shall include full or partial waiver of any kind of fees and charges. This scheme shall cover all courses offered by TNNLU and all years of study in the respective courses. “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme” will be provided to a student either for the entire duration of courses or for a part of such course. This scheme shall come into force from the date of approval by the Executive Council of TNNLU. Eligibility Students eligible for “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme” shall be selected solely on the basis of the financial ability of their families. In the case of undergraduate students, repeated poor academic performance as a result of willful neglect by students will result in ineligibility for the assistance for the subsequent academic year, provided such decision is taken by the committee constituted for this purpose after giving a fair hearing to the student. On the basis of student demonstrating his/her commitment to academic activity in the subsequent year, he/she may be rendered re-eligible. Proven involvement of the student in any act of grave indiscipline or failure to secure minimum mandated attendance for non-justifiable reason or misrepresentation of facts for securing the “TNNLU Financial Assistance” may render the student ineligible for “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme” in the subsequent years. How to Apply? Interested students may apply for the “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme” in the application form prescribed in the annexure to this policy. The application form shall be available on the website of TNNLU. Application may be submitted to the Registrar. All students should apply no later than 27.08.2022. The Selection Committee shall grant financial assistance ordinarily for a period of one academic year. Award of financial assistance for one academic year shall not be a guarantee for its continuance in the subsequent academic years. The Selection Committee shall record its reasons for the selection/nonselection of candidates in writing. In the event a candidate incorrectly states or fails to disclose any of the relevant information in his application, the Selection Committee reserves the right to take action as it may deem fit, including but not limited to, retraction of any previously sanctioned financial assistance, after giving a personal hearing to the student. The award of financial assistance to a student, including details of the exact nature and quantum of assistance, shall in all cases be intimated to concerned parent/guardian. In the event, a student who had successfully obtained an external scholarship earlier is suddenly deprived of it, or if a student of TNNLU who had not applied for financial assistance suddenly faces a change in his/her material circumstances threatening his/her ability to continue his course in this institution, the Selection Committee is empowered to provide emergency temporary financial assistance. The Selection Committee shall convene a special meeting for this purpose or may even take a decision by circulation for this purpose. Any student aggrieved by any decision of the Selection Committee may appeal before the Vice-Chancellor. Repayment If within three years of graduating from TNNLU, a student beneficiary of “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme”, joins any organization or outfit and earns a salary of Rs.50,000 or more per month, he/she must pay back a minimum of 10 percent of the salary every month to the “TNNLU Financial Assistance Scheme Fund” until the entire financial assistance awarded student is offset. An agreement to this effect shall be executed with each student availing of any of the financial assistance. However, the Selection Committee shall in exceptional circumstances, upon a representation from the student in question waive the stipulation. Deadlines Applications must be submitted by August 27, 2022 For more information click here

Sumasri

Aug 02, 2022

The Daksha Fellowship 2022-23

Law, policy and business for a digital world Daksha Fellowship is India’s first law and technology fellowship program, and implements a unique pedagogic approach that caters to law graduates and other professionals with a disciplinary understanding of law. The fellowship has been conceptualized as a one-year, residential program with a contemporary curriculum formulated by internationally renowned faculty in collaboration with leading legal practitioners and industry experts. A focused internship program to channelize industry exposure, pedagogic innovation that enhances the presence of domain experts and global exposure through immersion programs and institutional partnerships are some of the key highlights of the program. Fellows will also build toolkits to effectively communicate in the digital age, and enhance their expertise and wellbeing through experiential labs and intensive bootcamps. By combining academic rigor with top-notch curriculum design, industry exposure and global engagement, the fellowship guides young lawyers and policy professionals to find their own Daksha, abilities and skill-sets that help them stand out. Skill Enhancement Daksha Labs Daksha, meaning abilities and skills, is the philosophy that permeates every activity at the Fellowship. The skillset pillar of the fellowship is advanced through specially curated labs, in addition to the mandatory internship and learning bootcamps. These labs mould Daksha fellows into well-rounded and versatile individuals. Work and Well-being Lab (WoWeL): WoWeL is a unique, thoughtfully designed initiative to prepare young lawyers to develop personal effectiveness skills while at the same time equipping them to take care of their own mental and emotional well-being. This specially designed curriculum has been formulated keeping the Delta-model of lawyering in mind and encompasses components such as critical thinking, mindfulness, storytelling, leadership skills, minimalism, poetry for professionals, dance movement therapy, and animal therapy. Communication Lab: The Communication Lab aims to enhance writing and speaking skills in diverse professional contexts (legal, business and policy) and for diverse audiences (technical and non-technical). It is activity driven and is designed to teach how to write academic papers, policy briefs, op-eds and e-mails, as also to speak in professional settings. Bootcamps: Bootcamps are intensive learning modules designed to encourage practical and hands-on training in legal, policy and skill-based areas. They are hosted by eminent industry practitioners and think tanks. With targeted and quality learning outcomes as their objective, these bootcamps usually happen over a period of three to five days. Professional Advancement All Daksha Fellows will undertake a mandatory eight-week internship with law ?rms, corporate organizations, think tanks, and not-for-pro?ts. Every individual will be mentored by a dedicated career development team. Upon graduation, students will be equipped to pursue a successful career in: Advisory and regulatory practise Technology law and policy consulting Litigation and dispute resolution More general roles that demand an interdisciplinary outlook Contact Phone: +91 9940057400, 044 6143 6143, Email: admissions@dakshafellowship.org For more details and registration click here

Sumasri

Aug 01, 2022

Ahimsa Fellowship 2022-23

Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the second cohort of the Ahimsa Fellowship to be launched in 2022-23. About Ahimsa Fellowship The Ahimsa Fellowship Program aims at creating a network of effective animal welfare leaders adept at working closely with state governments and district administrations to enforce animal protection laws in India. Animal welfare can be achieved if trained professionals assist the Governments in fulfilling their statutory duties vide systemic apparatuses like State Animal Welfare Boards, Societies For The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Infirmaries, Slaughterhouse Monitoring Committees, Animal Birth Control Monitoring Committees etc. Fellows will be intensively trained to understand in-depth the existing legal and policy regime. This will facilitate their leadership in advocacy efforts toward securing and implementing favourable animal welfare policies. They invite applications from passionate individuals who are motivated about contributing to the animal welfare/ animal rights movement in India. Eligibility Graduation degree in any discipline Good communication skills (English and a Second Local Language) Passion for animal welfare/rights Persistence, lateral thinking, innovation and team player Between 22 and 35 years old Be available to attend the full 9 Month duration of the program Fellowship Offering Mentorship with the best experts in the field of animal welfare Enrollment in the National Academy of Legal Studies and Research (NALSAR), University of Hyderabad’s One Year Advanced Diploma in Animal Protection Laws Stipend Travel and accommodation to New Delhi or another venue for mandatory contact classes and fieldwork Experiential learning Peer learning Placement Opportunities to build a career in animal advocacy Selection Process Selection to the Fellowship is highly competitive. Candidates are required to fill out a detailed application form. Based on the quality of the answers submitted in the form, applicants will be shortlisted for a phone interview. The final selection of Fellows involves an interview with the selection committee. How to Apply? Interested applicants can apply for the fellowship through this link. Application Deadline August 15, 2022 Contact Information Email: applications.ahimsa@gmail.com. For more details click here

Sumasri

Aug 01, 2022

How To Qualify And Practise As A Lawyer In Canada

Canada is considered an education hub for many students who wish to pursue an undergraduate or a postgraduate degree abroad. Apart from that, it has also become a welcoming country for law students who want to pursue their higher education and also eventually practice law in Canada. Even lawyers who have completed their legal education in India can enhance their practice in Canada. However, in order to be permitted to practise law, there are some essential requirements that need to be kept in mind. Canada has a Common Law System. Fortunately, India also has a common law system. This makes it easier to pursue law in Canada if you have a degree obtained from India. In order to qualify and practice as a lawyer in Canada, you will have to keep the following steps in mind. Apply for NCA Assessment: - NCA stands for National Committee on Accreditation. It assesses the legal education and professional experience of individuals who obtained their credentials outside of Canada. The main job of the NCA is to see if the education obtained by foreign lawyers is at par with the standards of education obtained in Canada. Who Can Apply: - All internationally trained legal graduates can apply, whether you are: a newcomer to Canada with a law degree a legal graduate thinking of immigrating to Canada The application can be made on the NCA website, i.e. nca.legal. An Indian lawyer who has got a degree in India and is allowed to practise law in India with that degree is eligible to apply for the NCA. The review of the application is carried out through the NCA policies formulated by the NCA. A fee amount of $450.00 CDN, plus taxes have to be paid as part of the application process. Legal Education In Canada If you are someone who has undergone his legal education in Canada, you may skip the procedures outlined above as you will be directly eligible for the Bar Exam. In the table below we have outlined some of the leading law colleges in Canada. Canada Canada Law Rank 2022 WUR Law Rank 2022 University City 1 16 University of Toronto Toronto 2 17 McGill University Montreal 3 39 University of British Columbia Vancouver 4 50 York University Toronto 5 51 University of Montreal Montreal 6 101–125 University of Ottawa Ottawa 7 126–150 Université Laval Quebec City 8 126–150 Western University London What does the Form Include? Full Name Date of Birth Email Address Documents Required For a lawyer practising law in India, the bar council has to send an Official letter or certificate of good standing. This letter can only be sent by the council and not the applicant. Graduate students have to arrange to mail their detailed mark sheets from their educational institution. This has to be done by the educational institution and not the applicant. Upload an updated outline of your education and work experience (résumé or Curriculum vitae) in the application form. If the documents are in any other language except English and French, then the documents shall be translated into any of the above languages. Assessment Process According to the NCA Website, the assessment process is below: - The NCA assesses your legal education and experience, measuring it against the National requirements and according to its Policies. The NCA tells you the things you must do to qualify for law society bar admission (these are called “assignments”). To meet your assignments, you may need to write NCA exams or take courses at a Canadian law school. The applicant also has to pay fees for each exam. You complete your assignments The NCA certifies that you have met the requirements by giving you a Certificate of Qualification. Further, it may also ask the applicant to take classes and exams in English and French language. What are the NCA Exams? NCA exams are open book exams. The format is very similar to the examination format of Canadian law schools. The examination is 3.5 hours long and conducted online. The fee for registration for each NCA exam will be $400 CDN plus applicable taxes. Every year the NCA offers twelve exam sessions. The core subjects that are assessed during these exams are: Canadian Administrative Law Canadian Constitutional Law Canadian Criminal Law Foundations of Canadian Law Canadian Professional Responsibility Contracts Law Tort Law Property Law After the NCA exams are complete, the NCA will grant the candidate a certificate of qualification. This states that you are qualified to practise law in Canada. This is not the last step, there is one more exam which will give you the license to practice. Appearing for the Bar Exam The license to practice is obtained after the candidate appears and passes the barrister and solicitor exam. However, the candidate has to appear for the exam in the province where they intend to practice. Each province has its own separate bar exam. For the purpose of this article, we will focus on the licensing exam in Ontario. The form of examination in each province is more or less the same. The Licensing Examinations consist of a self-study open-book Barrister Examination and a self-study open-book Solicitor Examination that is currently delivered online. Eligibility IF YOU ARE FROM CANADA Graduated from a common law program approved by the Law Society at a university in Canada or received a Certificate of Qualification issued by the National Committee on Accreditation appointed by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada and the Committee of Canadian Law Deans; Successful filing of all licensing process application documents; and Payment of all required fees The fees are as follows: Refund Policy Assessment fee – $450.00, plus taxes Assessment appeal fee – $285.00 plus taxes (will not apply unless you appeal your assessment result) Exam fee – $400.00 per exam, plus taxes (minimum $400 x 5 = $2,000) Exam appeal fee – $250.00 per exam, plus taxes (will not apply unless you appeal your exam result) Cancellation fees – $50.00 per exam, plus taxes (will not be a factor unless you cancel an exam) Minimum cost: $2,450.00, plus taxes Please note that all costs are listed in Canadian dollars. Source: https://nca.legal/costs-and-timelines/ IF YOU ARE FROM OUTSIDE CANADA Assessment By The NSA Internationally trained lawyers can apply for the NCA assessment at any time, even prior to coming to Canada (citizenship and residency are not looked at during the assessment process). FLSC identifies the following formalities that are necessary in order for the NCA assessment to be processed: Online assessment application form, including a payment of CAN$450, plus applicable taxes; The official set of final academic transcripts from the institution of your studies (copies are not accepted); Set of documents to be sent to the NCA by the institution where you completed your legal education, including an official copy of your academic transcripts; (if applicable) a certificate or letter of membership in good standing from the local regulatory authority; and (if applicable) an official copy of your transcripts from the local regulatory authority for any courses or examinations required by such authority. (If the official language of instruction of the law degree or the official language in the jurisdiction was other than English or French) Language proficiency of a minimum 7.0 on each module of IELTS test (for English) or TEST Can (for French). This requirement may be waived if sufficient evidence is presented. After all of the required documents are received, the NCA will start the application process, and an assessment report will be mailed to the applicant within 4-8 weeks. What Happens After The Assessment? Each application is looked at on an individual basis, evaluating candidates’ experience and qualifications, the length of the program and subjects of studies, academic performance, the type of legal system where education was acquired, and other similar criteria. After the assessment is complete, candidates will receive their assessment report that outlines the list of requirements they would need to meet in order to receive a Certificate of Qualification. The requirements can be divided into 3 types: Passing the NCA exams; Taking courses in specific areas of law at a Canadian law school or Completing a Canadian common law degree program. The assigned requirements focus on the key competencies of the Canadian common law, including 5 mandatory subject areas: Foundations of Canadian Law; Canadian Administrative Law; Canadian Constitutional Law; Canadian Criminal Law; and Canadian Professional Responsibility. Application Process The application process is divided into two parts. Part I consists mainly of providing personal information and the payment of $160 CDN, this is non-refundable. Part II of the application mainly requires you to file, with the Licensing and Accreditation Department, a printed copy of your application along with required supporting documents. The basic details required here are: - Personal Information Section Proof of Legal Name Voluntary Information Section Good Character Section Proof of Education Section Experiential Training Selection Licensing Examination Section Declaration, Confirmation and Agreement Process for Certification of Documents by a Guarantor or Referee Submitting Photos Submitting Proof of Legal Name Submitting Good Character Information Signing the Declaration and Obligations page Application Fee and Late Fee Payments Preparing the Application Package For more details please visit here. Immigration Process After all the requirements are complete, none of it will be useful if you have the right immigration process which is a mandatory requisite. A work visa is necessary to be obtained. Canada is a country that has a shortage of professional workers such as lawyers.[1] Those who wish to study LLM and then settle as a lawyer must first obtain a study permit visa. It is valid up to the duration of the course. After graduation, the candidate can obtain a work permit to work in Canada after graduation. For Outside Canada Graduates You can apply for a PGWP from outside Canada as long as you are eligible and you’ve been approved for a study permit. You do not have to have held a valid study permit at any point during your online studies from outside Canada. You have up to 180 days after you graduate to apply for a PGWP. When you apply, you must confirm the following: that you attended and completed your program the name of your program, and the length of your program Know More About The Post-Graduate Work Permit here. For Professionals The Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) is the points-based system that the Canadian authorities use to assess and score your profile and rank you in the Express Entry pool. Know more about CRS here. Technically, no minimum CRS score is needed for submitting a profile in Canada Express Entry as a Lawyer applicant. Having a job offer boosts your CRS score by 200 points. Thus, it is sensible to start this process as soon as possible. The immigration code is assigned to each occupation in the Canada NOC List. 4112 is the code for individuals seeking to immigrate to Canada as a Lawyer. It is also known as the Solicitors NOC Code. You would have known through online platforms that a job offer is a prerequisite for immigrating through the Express Entry system. However, Lawyers also have extra options for securing the PR Visa. Lawyers are able to process their immigration applications under the various Immigration pathways of Canada even without a job offer due to the huge demand for lawyers in the nation. It is for this reason that the occupation finds a place in the list of targeted occupations in the In-Demand List of the National Occupation Code. So lawyers across the world have a great option for residing and working in Canada with a PR Visa. Examination The examination is open book, based on source material provided by the law society of the province. Each exam is each 7 hours long and the candidates are allowed to carry the source material. The paper pattern and subjects to keep in mind are below. For the Barrister exam: - Ethical and Professional Responsibilities Knowledge of the Law Establishing and Maintaining the Barrister-Client Relationship Problem/Issue Identification, Analysis, and Assessment Alternative Dispute Resolution Litigation Process Practice Management Issues. For the Solicitor Exam: - Ethical and Professional Responsibilities Knowledge of the Law (Ontario and Federal Legislation, Case Law, Policy, Procedures, and Forms) Establishing and Maintaining the Solicitor-Client Relationship Fulfilling the Retainer Practice Management Issues The questions in the exam are designed in such a way that it covers all the necessary aspects that an entry-level practitioner has to keep in mind. Articling or Law Practice (Experiential Training) This is a necessary part of practising law in Canada. The candidate is allowed to choose one from two forms of experiential training: - Articling Program - This is an 8-month training course where the candidate is placed with an approved principal to gain practical legal skills in preparation for entry-level practice. Law Practice Program (LPP) - This is also 8 months long but it is divided into a gap of 4 months. A four-month training course and a four-month work placement. This training is mandatory. It can be exempted subject to some conditions. Good Character Requirement According to the Law Society Act, all licensed members should have good character. This is to uphold the prestige and ethics of the law society. During the licensing application, the candidate has to answer some questions that assess their character. Call to the Bar This occurs only after the candidate has successfully completed the application process for the license. The applicant has to pay a call to the bar fees. The applicant also has to attach some documents mainly: - an Application for the Licensing Process duly signed and certified by a guarantor or referee; certified proof of legal name; NCA certificate two passport photos; certified proof of legal name change (if applicable); all articling documents including: Articles of Clerkship Certificate of Service Under Articles All candidates must complete the “Affidavit for taking the Oath” and a "Petition for Call to the Bar and Certificate of Fitness Form". The documents provided to eligible candidates must be fully completed, signed, commissioned, and witnessed. Through these step-by-step processes, one can qualify and can be permitted to practice law in Canada. For more details refer to the important links below. Can An Indian Law Graduate Become A Lawyer In Canada? Canada's National Committee on Accreditation (NCA), which evaluates the internationally-obtained credentials of lawyers who wish to practice in Canada, announced in 2015 that the law degrees of legal professionals from India will be considered equivalent to those from the United Kingdom and Australia. Remuneration For A Lawyer In Canada Needless to say, the profession of a lawyer is held in high regard and is financially rewarding, more so with the increasing years of experience. Given below we have covered the standard remuneration for lawyers in Canada as well as in certain Canadian locations: Community/Area Salary ($/year) Low Median High Canada 37,347 116,940 294,346 Alberta 46,078 140,808 423,922 British Columbia 37,400 115,621 242,117 Manitoba 45,823 109,179 198,651 New Brunswick 30,259 79,485 140,372 Newfoundland and Labrador 55,248 131,203 279,002 Northwest Territories N/A N/A N/A Source: HERE What Are The Top Law Firms Based In Canada? Borden Ladner Gervais LLP Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP Fasken LLP Norton Rose Fulbright LLP Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP Important Links: https://lso.ca/becoming-licensed/lawyer-licensing-process#call-to-the-bar-of-ontario-become-licensed--4 nca.legal Legal Bots wishes you all the best! [1]https://www.urbanlegal.ca/weekly-insights.html?nID=38

Sumasri

Jul 29, 2022

An Overview of a Career in Legal Journalism

What Is Legal Journalism? ‘Legal Journalism’ is an amalgamation of a career in journalism and law. It requires knowledge of the law as well as the skills of journalism. It is not a conventional or customary choice of employment for law graduates. However, legal journalism is gaining reasonable traction as a career option nowadays. Although it is a relatively new concept, it is getting popular over time. Such career choices break the convention that a law graduate can only make a career in litigation, as a judge, or work in a law firm, or other corporate legal jobs. Legal Journalism focuses majorly on reportage based on legal or political topics and issues. Its sole purpose is to keep the audience updated and aware of legal matters. Legal updates can be posted on various media platforms like newspapers, news channels, blogging, and videos on social media platforms among others. It is a unique niche in journalism to spread legal knowledge and issues. Journalism in this aspect is only concerned with law and other statutory provisions, as well as social and political impact arising from the same. Eligibility To Become A Legal Journalist There are certain requisite educational requirements to pursue a career in legal journalism:- The individual must have a mandatory and valid degree in law. The individual who wants to pursue a career in legal journalism must have a law degree such as LLB (Legum Baccalaureus) or LLM (Legum Magister) affiliated with the BCI (Bar Council of India) and approved by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The individual doesn't need to have a degree in Journalism. However, a diploma or similar certificate courses may prove to be helpful while pursuing the profession of a legal journalist. The individual should have superior oratory skills and a flair for writing. Communication skills are one of the major requirements for a career in journalism. The individual should be fluent in the language of his/her choice. The individual may have some experience through an internship in the area of legal journalism. Role Of A Legal Journalist An individual pursuing a career in legal journalism must perform certain necessary roles and tasks to become a successful professional legal journalist. Any legal journalist must do proper research work in the field of law and gather required facts and statistics on the concerned topics. A legal journalist through his communication and oratory skills must be able to convey to the general public important legal information. A legal journalist may write legal blogs on the internet or write articles about law and related matters in newspapers. A legal journalist may post videos on social media platforms based on various legal aspects. The legal journalist should have the diverse legal knowledge and required skills a journalist. Like any other journalist, a legal reporter is under an ethical obligation to report the facts in an objective and unbiased manner, showing both sides of the opinion spectrum without emphasising either. Needless to say, the nature of this work is largely contrary to the usual work of a lawyer wherein he or she represents a client and is responsible for his or her client’s interests. In the latter, being subjective becomes part and parcel of one’s duty towards his or her client. Scope And Types Of Legal Journalism The scope of Legal journalism is broadening with time and there are various fields through which an individual can make a profession out of law and journalism. Legal Journalism is gaining popularity with time. Some of the major types of legal journalists include- News Channel Reporter- This is similar to a news reporter, the only difference stands that a legal news reporter will report news about the area of law such as following major legal trials in the courtrooms, reporting changes in statutory provisions in the Parliament or reportage of enactment of new laws and Acts. News Paper Writing- Through writing legal articles and reporting legal news in daily newspapers or magazines a legal journalist can make a career in legal journalism. For this, an individual must have impeccable writing skills and command of the concerned language. In recent times, organisations like Bar and Bench, SCC, and Livelaw have brought forth new dimensions in the scope and extent of legal journalism. Internet blogging- Internet blogging is similar to writing articles in a newspaper. Instead on a paper the article or blog is published on the internet for people to access. Such blogs can be informative, commentaries on case laws, or case reviews. Various papers are published on the internet related to legal topics. Publishing papers or writing blogs requires good knowledge of law or research skills. The writer should have a flair for writing and comprehension. Posting Videos on Social Media Platforms- Posting videos and vlogging has become popular mechanism for consuming information in modern times. Legal journalism can be practised through posting informative videos associated with legal concepts on social media platforms such as Youtube, Instagram, or Facebook among others. Individuals can independently start online channels or pages to convey legal news and information. Legal Journalists can make documentaries on case laws and changes in the legal systems on these platforms. Internship Opportunities For Legal Journalism In the last decade or so, several legal media outlets have flourished, owing to the wide consumption of legal news, media, and related content. A student looking to learn and apply the nuances in this profession may apply for short-term (4 weeks) or long-term (>4 weeks) internships at any such organisation. Some of these are: Live Law Live Law is a comprehensive legal news portal that is committed to providing accurate and honest news about legal developments. It is currently India’s leading legal news portal. You may mail your internship application to the Chief Editor- rashid@livelaw.in. Bar & Bench Bar & Bench is another leading legal news portal that regularly publishes the latest updates from the legal industry. For an internship at Bar & Bench, references will be given to candidates with some or all of the following skills- Data journalism and visualisation; Social media engagement; Editing; Qualified candidates will be paid a stipend. The internship will be at our office in Bengaluru. Do send your resume and a writing sample of no longer than 500 words (Both are MANDATORY) to jobs@barandbench.com, with the subject title: 'INTERNSHIP". Interning at these organisations is likely to give the candidate first-hand exposure to how legal media outlets work, how assignments are given, how to do the work efficiently, what are stages the content goes through before being published, and so on. The experience gained from such internships is usually invaluable for the later stages of one’s career. Benefits Of Being A Legal Journalist It is a relatively new career option and consequently has a higher scope of evolution compared to other conventional legal jobs. It has a better chance of creative growth as well as a vast area to acquire knowledge It is a unique concept in the field of law and has a growth rate of around 4 per cent in the coming decade. It is a better and easier way to convey legal awareness among the general public. Drawback Of Legal Journalism It is a relatively new concept therefore it may take some time to grow as a career option. It might not be a very high-paying job as other traditional legal occupations. It can be an exhausting choice of employment as it requires the skill of both a lawyer as well as a journalist. Remuneration Of A Legal Journalist The income and pay scale is often primary consideration when it comes to determining a career choice. Many factors determine the salary of a legal journalist. Some deciding factors include the candidate’s qualification, his/her working experience, the city in which he/she is working, the kind of industry in which he/she is hired, etc. A legal journalist cannot always expect a posh salary like lawyers who are working in firms. But also will be an injustice to mention that once you acquire the appropriate skill to be a legal journalist, there will be no earning limit. The pay scales ultimately depend upon the employing organizations. The advice is to hence follow your heart and work with ample passion towards the chosen profession, success is bound to follow your way. A legal journalist’s salary is on similar lines to that of a journalist. On average, the beginner-level salary of a legal journalist working in a Tier 1 city is in the range of 4-5 Lakh rupees per annum. In the table below, we have covered the overall remuneration of a legal journalist in more detail: Average Annual Salary At A Glance: In Government Organisation INR 4-5 LPA In Private Organisation INR 7-8 LPA Experience Wise Salary At A Glance: 0-2 Years Of Experience INR 4-5 LPA 3-5 Years Of Experience INR 8-9 LPA More Than 10 Years Of Experience INR 15 LPA Source: AmbitionBox Legal Journalism is a profession that requires a various set of skills like public speaking, analytical creativity, writing genius, media production knowledge, logical thinking, critical thinking, decision making, research expertise, and knowledge of law among others. It is mandatory to have a law degree for legal journalism as it is wholly based on reportage or publication in the arena of law. A diploma or certificate course in Journalism may prove to be helpful but is not made obligatory as law in itself makes a person gain oratory, analytical, good writing, and communication skills. Legal journalism is a budding line of work and may gain acceptance with time. Social media is currently witnessing uncanny growth with changing times this can prove to help promote legal journalism. LegalBots wishes you all the best!

Sumasri

Jul 25, 2022

What is an SOP? How to draft a good SOP for LLM Applications?

A Statement of Purpose (SOP) or a personal statement is a statement that supports one’s admission to attend college or university for a legal degree. While the SOP is mandatory for most institutions admitting students for a Master’s degree in law (either a one-year or a two-year LL.M), it is at times also required for the Bachelor’s degree as it helps in gauging the mindset of the student. It is an opportunity for the student to articulate the purpose for his or her choice of discipline, giving evaluators an insight into their selves, including the skills and experiences that they have demonstrated for the field in question. As far as SOPs are concerned, no uniform prescribed format or template can be followed- this is because each Statement Of Purpose is a unique reflection of the applicant and therefore there is substantial discretion to be used by the individual when drafting the SOP. However, there may be certain guidelines that may be issued by the education institution in question such as formatting guidelines, restrictions on the total number of words, etc. That may be both exhilarating and frustrating. An SOP serves as your introduction to a selection committee. It decides whether you will be invited to an interview, and if you are chosen as a finalist, the interview questions will be based on this information. It is the most significant factor in your application and considerable planning and effort should be given to drafting this. However, some universities may ask for a Personal Statement (PS) rather than an SOP. In both cases, the major essence of your draft will be similar, i.e. you need to include the following points: Your legal interests and how they began Your motivation for choosing Law and further studies Professional goals after the completion of LLM Experience/legal practice and your learnings Any publications, presentations, or conferences that you attended or participated Share your wins and learnings from losses How the degree from that particular college/university will be beneficial to you It is to be noted that despite the SOP having an inherent value in the admission process, most Indian law colleges do not require an SOP either at the undergraduate or postgraduate level as the admission is based solely upon the qualifying examination such as the CLAT UG or CLAT PG. However, SOPs are held in high regard in foreign universities which have a more in-depth approach to evaluating candidates. SOPs are also invaluable for scholarship and grant applications. Some of the leading foreign universities and law schools which require Statements Of Purpose or Personal Statements are: Oxford University Harvard University Columbia School Of Law University Of Toronto Queen’s University York University Indispensable Advice – Make it Personal The most crucial aspect of the SOP to remember is that it is just that: personal. There is no secret formula for creating a successful SOP since the best SOPs are tailored to the individual who is writing them. The statement must catch the glimmer of your history, hobbies, and interests in a unique way that no other writer can match. While each student's SOP is unique, there are a few similar elements that may be found in the greatest potential statements, as well as a few frequent mistakes to avoid. Different LLM schools may have different SOP rules, such as particular questions they want you to answer, page limitations, or formatting criteria. Aside from the word count or page count, most Law School guidelines on SOPs are not very explicit about the requirements. For example, Harvard Law asks applicants to describe their interests, legal problems, and solutions, personal background, goals, and reasons for applying to the programme; Berkeley Law wants to know about your legal interests, why you want to study at Berkeley Law and your professional plans or goals after graduation. The Following Questions Must Be Answered In An Effective SOP Who am I? What kind of individual do I aspire to be? How and what sort of contribution do I wish to make to society? How do I wish to bring about social change? Why should I go to Harvard (or Cambridge, Oxford, LSE, Berkeley, etc) to study? Why is this the ideal time and place for this programme? Is it in line with my previous studies and activities? It is important to cover these aspects coherently. Your Connection With The Legal Field As an applicant, how you came to the point of applying for a Master’s degree in a specific field in law has to be demonstrated with precision. This includes elaborating on your academic background with special emphasis on your undergraduate legal studies, post-academic work experience be it litigation, in a firm, or as an in-house counsel, future goals, how the law helped in your career goals, and the motivation behind it all. This section helps the evaluation panel understand your aptitude as well as attitude towards the legal field and gives them with sound rationale on why you deserve a place in their esteemed institution by showing your capacity for a valuable contribution. Be Precise About Your Chosen Area One of the benefits of pursuing a highly specialised master's degree, such as one in corporate law or criminal justice, is that it allows you to expand your knowledge and comprehension of the field. As a result, you must be very precise and explicit in your SOP about why you want to spend a year or two going so thoroughly into one particular field of law. Fortunately, if you have picked a highly specific master's programme, you have probably already compiled a good list of reasons for your interest. If you apply to a more general LLM programme, on the other hand, you must still show the selection committee why you want to continue your academic study of law beyond your LLB and how the specific LLM programme you have applied to may assist you in doing so. Applying To Multiple LLM Programs You should not submit the same SOP to several LLM schools. The one-shoe-fits-all approach is highly discouraged in academic and professional spheres. If you are applying to several LLM schools, you must write each SOP from scratch, keeping the concerned school's criteria in mind and tailoring the SOP accordingly for the best impact. Establish A Foundation Your argument that your enthusiasm for a particular field of law is why you are the ideal LLM applicant, but won't mean anything unless you can back it up with facts. It is critical to highlight events from your undergraduate degree, extended life, relevant professional experience, or extracurricular activities that have influenced your decision to pursue this LLM. It's also critical to be truthful about your reasoning while delivering proof. This will be far more convincing than unclear or made-up arguments. Do not lie on the SOP, the admissions committee will figure this out while verifying the facts or doing background checks. Link Your Career Goals It's critical to explain why an LLM is the necessary next step for you in your intended professional path. Because an LLM is not a mandatory qualification for many legal positions, the admissions committee will want to know why you should pursue their LLM programme over another option at this point in your career. Also, emphasising your primary interests and how they relate to your long-term goals is a great way to show how an LLM may help you reach them. Addressing Any Negative Elements - Low GPA Or IELTS Score Your GPA- which stands for Grade Point Average- is an indicator of your average academic performance throughout a particular course. Whether a GPA is good or not depends on your personal and academic objectives and on the university and study programme you choose. Usually, a GPA of 3.0 - 3.5 is considered good at several colleges and universities. Top academic institutions usually require GPAs higher than 3.5. If you have a lower or below-average GPA, you can still enrol at certain universities, but you might not be eligible for financial aid or other support programs and services. In most circumstances, it is preferable to focus on your abilities rather than your poor GPA or IELTS score. However, if you believe you have compelling arguments, you should go ahead and explain yourself. Personal health or adverse personal circumstances are two prevalent explanations for poor performance in one semester. You should explain this in a kind manner, and there is no need to become hysterical. Also, if you have a poor overall GPA but outstanding marks in your major courses or the profession in which you want to work, you can always utilise that to reaffirm your enthusiasm for that subject area. You can also take a little time off before applying and take some initiative to improve your GPA. Low grades can be mitigated by stating relevant job experience (internships, etc.), workshops or certificates, and additional courses taken. If none of the factors listed above applies to your low GPA, the best option is to seek assistance from the faculty member who wrote your reference letter. Your professor is the ideal person to say that your grades do not reflect your potential and ability and that you are enthusiastic about the programme you have applied for. The Do’s Make sure your statement is well-structured. While there is no set sequence in which you write it, it is best to have a structure to ensure that it is easy to read. Research on the LLM program, the Law School, and its instructions on the SOP, if any. Answer all questions posed by the Law School in their instructions. Do proofread your SOP carefully, using the word processor’s spellcheck. It should reflect your writing skills as the admissions committee members are usually lawyers by training, and all lawyers are perfectionists when it comes to spellchecks. Along with your IELTS[1] or TOEFL[2], your SOP is also a direct reflection of your English language skills. So be careful not to make any grammatical mistakes, use proper vocabulary, and have at least 3 individuals proofread or check your statement for you. Stick to the word count, as per the instructions of the Law School. It is usually preferable to keep things simple and to avoid using flowery terminology or unnecessary explanations. The Don’ts Do not plan to use the same SOP for multiple LLM programs. Do not allow someone else to write or rewrite your SOP, it is not a good idea. Submitting a statement that isn't your writing is the surest way to have your application refused or to be expelled after admission. Do not write an essay that reads like a CV of accomplishments and objectives, since this informs the reader nothing that the rest of the application doesn't. It provides little information about the candidate and is a waste of time. Do not make it a petition for the scholarship. This is not a request to "present your case." Defending a claim that you are more deserving of the scholarship than other applicants is a waste of time; you've almost certainly just done the opposite. Do not incorrectly assume what the committee is searching for or write what you believe they want to hear. They want to learn more about you. An SOP is most significantly genuine and any hint of plagiarism is likely to terminate your chances. Conclusion To conclude, the finest SOPs contain what the student has done in the past to help them become who they are today, as well as how an LLM degree will help them become who they will be in the future. The past, present, and future should all be linked in a logical, convincing, and consistent manner. Whatever framework a student chooses, they should be sure to present a clear and convincing argument that connects the major points of their history and career aspirations. To summarise, students should examine what they like about the law school's LLM programme, course offerings, faculty, the research interests of the faculty, as well as why that programme is a suitable fit for their requirements, objectives, and ambitions. The SOP is the most challenging part of the LLM application. Still, if you give it the time and attention it deserves, it can be the component of your application that distinguishes you from other candidates and persuades the admissions committee that you are the best candidate for a spot in the next LLM batch. LegalBots wishes you good luck with your application! [1] The International English Language Testing System is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge Assessment English, and was established in 1989. [2]Test of English as a Foreign Language is a standardized test to measure the English language ability of non-native speakers wishing to enrol in English-speaking universities. The test is accepted by more than 11,000 universities and other institutions in over 190 countries and territories.

Sumasri

Jul 22, 2022

Which Are The UGC-Approved Journals And How To Publish In Them?

Introduction Writing research papers and getting them published constitutes one of the core components of co-curricular activities in law school. Publications help the students with a deeper understanding and perspective about the topic of publication, critical thinking, research, and writing skills which are very useful for a career as a lawyer or in legal education and research. However, while pursuing research and publication efforts, it should be kept in mind that not all journals carry the same degree of credibility and the choice of a publication platform should be made accordingly. There are several parameters to make the correct choice in this regard, one of them being approval from a leading statutory body in the academic sphere in India like the University Grants Commission (UGC). This article aims at bringing some clarity to this issue by listing and highlighting legal journals that currently enjoy approval under this authority. Read on! List Of Journals Approved By The UGC AIPLA Quarterly Journal Annual survey of Indian Law Appeal: Review of Current law and Law Reform Army Institute of Law Journal Australian Intellectual Property Journal Australian Journal of Administrative Law Australian Journal of Labour Law Berkeley Journal of International Law Boston College Law Review Brawijaya Law Journal Brooklyn Law Review California Western International Law Journal California Western Law Review Canberra Law Review Cardozo Arts and Entertainment Law Journal City University of New York Law Review Company Law Journal Comparative Constitutional law and Administrative Law Criminal Law Journal George Mason Law Review George Washington International Law Review German Law Journal GNLU Journal of Law, Development and Politics Harvard Human Rights Journal Harvard Journal of Law and Technology Hasanuddin Law Review Idaho Law Review Indian Journal of Law and Justice Indian Journal of Law and Technology Intellectual Property Forum International Annals of Criminology International Journal of Legal Studies and Research Journal of the Indian Law Institute Journal on Environmental Law, Policy and Development Jurisprudence: An International Journal of Legal and Political Thought Legal Information Management Lewis and Clark Law Review National Law School Journal NIU International Journal of Human Rights NLUJ Law Review Rostrum’s Law Review Supreme Court Journal Temida The Canadian Bar Review The American Journal of Comparative Law The Judges Journal Uniform Law Review Vermont Law Review Virginia Journal of International Law Washington and Lee Law Review William and Mary Law Review Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender and Society Yale Journal of Law and Feminism Yale Law and Policy Review Further, given below are the overviews of 5 leading journals in the sphere of Indian law: Army Institute of Law Journal Official Website: https://www.ail.ac.in/ail-journal.php Eligibility The submission of papers is open only to Teachers, Academicians, Professionals, and PhD. Research Scholars. Students are also allowed to co-author their submissions. Submission Guidelines Contributions should be in the English language only and conformity with AIL’s scheme and style. Electronic submissions (on website or email) should ideally be made in Word Format (doc)/(Docx). Text and citations should strictly conform to the rules in The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation (20th edition). This mode of citation must be strictly followed otherwise the paper shall not be considered for publication. In the case of book reviews, two copies of the book are to be sent. In the case of references from websites, a complete URL address, along with the last date of accessing the website should be mentioned. All manuscripts (in hard copy and e-mail) must be accompanied by: A cover letter with the name(s) of the author(s), official designation institution/affiliation, the title of the manuscript, and contact information (correspondence address, email, phone number, etc). A Certificate that the paper submitted is a piece of original and bonafide research work and has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. An abstract of not more than 200 words describing the submission. Word Limit The word limit mentioned as under must be strictly adhered to: Article/Research Papers: The word limit is between 4,000 to 6,000 words. Notes and comments: The word limit is up to 3,000 words. Book Review: The word limit is up to 2,500 words. GNLU Journal of Law, Development, and Politics Official Website: https://gnlu.ac.in/Journal-of-Law-Development-And-Politics/Home GJLDP invites authors to submit manuscripts under the following heads: Article ‘Article’ refers to a comprehensive analysis of issues related to law, development, or politics. The Article submitted is expected to be thorough and should analytically deal with the issues. The word limit for articles is between 5,000 to 8,000 words. Commentaries ‘Commentary’ refers to academic writing that analyses or is a critique of a recent event, case, piece of legislation, or contemporary issues related to law, development, or politics. The word limit for Commentaries is between 4,000 to 5,000 words. Book Review ‘Book Review’ should be of a recently published notable publication by any author of repute. A book review should ideally contain not only a content overview but also an appraisal and critical analysis of ideas along with a comparison with similar related journals. The word limit for Book Review is 3,000 words. Submission should include complete details of the books including the edition, publisher details, and the ISBN Number. Submission Guidelines Submissions can be by authors individually or can be co-authored by a maximum of two authors. The GJLDP accepts submissions of manuscripts for publication throughout the year. But for each biannual issue, only those articles and notes, and comments submitted on or before the last date of submission prescribed below would be considered. Submissions made after the last date will be taken into consideration for subsequent issues. Manuscripts accepted can take up to six months or even more be published in the Journal. Papers with immediate relevance would be considered for early publication. This is a matter of editorial judgment. Send your submissions to: gjldp@gnlu.ac.in NLUJ Law Review Official Website: http://www.nlujlawreview.in/ Categories Long Articles [6,000 – 8,000 words]: The category includes submissions that are comprehensively analysing a nuanced legal issue. It must contain an analysis of the current legal scenario, help the reader identify the lacunae therein, and provide constructive suggestions. The author(s) are also encouraged to provide their opinions and responses to the previous publications of the Review. Short Articles [3,000 – 6,000 words]: The category includes submissions that undertake an in-depth study of specific legal issues and gives the reader valuable insight into the legal challenge identified by the author. Case notes & Comments [1,500 – 3,000 words]: The category is inclusive of both case notes and comments that discuss any contemporary question of law. A case note must contain an argument that emphasises a legal dialogue or a definite point of law. General Instructions The submissions made under the categories of Long Articles and Short Articles must enclose an abstract of not more than 200 words. The Review permits co-authorship of not more than two authors in the categories of Long Articles and Short Articles. Under the category of Case Notes & Comments, co-authorship is not permitted. All submissions to the Review should be original and should not be simultaneously considered by any other publication. Any form of plagiarism by the author(s) will lead to disqualification of the manuscript for publication. Submission Guidelines The main content of the manuscript must be formatted as per the following guidelines: font-style: Garamond; font-size: 12; line spacing: 1.5; headings and sub-headings in the document must be formatted in a uniform style. The footnotes must follow the 20th edition of the Bluebook and must be formatted as per the following guidelines: font-style: Garamond; font-size: 10; line spacing: 1.0; use of speaking footnotes and end-notes is discouraged. The first page of the manuscript must contain only the title of the paper, followed by the 200-word abstract. The second page must contain a table of contents; the main body of the manuscript should begin immediately thereafter. Submissions made under the category of Case Notes & Comments are exempted from including an abstract to the manuscript submitted. Submissions must adhere to the prescribed guidelines for the relevant category. ILI Law Review Official Website: https://ili.ac.in/ilr.html The ILILR Journal accepts submissions throughout the year. All submissions are required to be addressed to the Editor, ILILR, and emailed toililawreviewjournal@gmail.com. All submissions should be sent with a covering letter indicating the Name of the Author, Institutional Affiliation, Contact Details, and the Topic of the paper. The Journal allows a maximum of two authors. Co-authored papers should give details about both authors. The Editorial Board will consider the authorship and designation mentioned in the cover letter during submission as final and correct unless otherwise intimated by the author/s. It shall be the Author's responsibility to intimate the Editorial Board regarding any change in designation during the period in which the paper is being processed. No changes will be entertained after publication. Text Format The length of the manuscript should average as follows (all inclusive of footnotes): For Article – 6000 to 12000 words All Others (Case Comment/Book Review/Bill comment/Legislative comment etc.) – 2000 to 6000 words Manuscripts shall be formatted according to the following guidelines. It shall include an abstract of not more than 150 words. All citations shall be placed in footnotes. All pages shall be numbered. The Institute has formulated a set pattern of citation (i.e., ILI Rules of Footnoting), which is followed in ILILR and various other publications of the Institute. The citation style in the articles and notes and comments submitted for publication in JILI shall conform with the ILI Rules of footnoting available at www.ili.ac.in/cstyle.pdf Indian Journal of Law and Technology Official Website: https://www.ijlt.in/ Categories Articles (5000-12000 words). Essays (3000-5000 words). Case Notes, Legislative Comments, Book/Article Reviews (2000-5000 words). The above limits are exclusive of footnotes. Substantive footnoting is allowed. Submission Guidelines Submissions must be submitted using this form. An abstract (not more than 250 words) must be submitted. Co-authorship (up to a maximum of 3 authors) is permitted. The body of the paper shall be in Times New Roman, font size 12, 1.5 line spacing. Footnotes should be in Times New Roman, size 10 single line spacing. Follow the OSCOLA (4th edition) style of citation. All submissions must be original, unpublished, and not under consideration by any other journal/forum. Send in your submissions in MS/Open Word (*.doc OR *.docx). Quality legal research is highly rewarding from a professional perspective, especially if the authors possess any interest to pursue an academic route. Strong publications demonstrate a student’s impeccable grasp on the issue at hand, consistency, and overall passion for the subject. It is a well-known fact that recruiters often prefer esteemed publications over any other co-curricular achievement, especially if the job profile mandates long hours of research. That being said, the primary emphasis must remain on the content and academic value of the publications and not on the quantity of work done. Legalbots wish you all the best!

Sumasri

Jul 21, 2022

Commonwealth Professional Fellowships 2022-23

Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the Commonwealth Professional Fellowships 2022-23. About the Commonwealth Professional Fellowships Commonwealth Professional Fellowships are for mid-career professionals from low- and middle-income countries to spend a period of time at a UK host organization working in their sector for a programme of professional development. Purpose: To provide professionals with the opportunity to enhance knowledge and skills in their given sector, and to have catalytic effects on their workplaces. Intended beneficiaries: Mid-career professionals (with five years’ relevant work experience) working in development-related organisations in low- and middle-income Commonwealth countries. Eligibility To be eligible for these Fellowships, prospective fellows must: Be a citizen of or have been granted refugee status by an eligible Commonwealth country, or be a British Protected Person Be permanently resident in an eligible Commonwealth country Have at least five years’ full-time, or equivalent part-time, relevant work experience, in a profession related to the subject of the Fellowship programme, by the proposed start of the fellowship – voluntary work experience will not be counted towards this minimum Be in employment at the time of application at an organisation that they will return to upon completion of the Fellowship If nominated for a Professional Fellowship, prospective Fellows will be required to provide at least two references, (one of which must be from their current employer). Prospective Fellows will be contacted directly by the CSC if required to submit references. The Host organisation Fellows are applying to might also contact them to request a reference when considering their application Not have undertaken a Commonwealth Professional Fellowship within the last five years (at the time of taking up the award) Not be seeking to undertake an academic programme of research or study. Academics are eligible to apply for the scheme, but only to undertake programmes of academic management, not research or courses relevant to their research subject Be available to start and complete their fellowship within prescribed dates In addition to the above, prospective fellows must ensure they meet any eligibility criteria set out by each individual host organisation. The CSC aims to identify talented individuals who have the potential to make change. We are committed to a policy of equal opportunity and non-discrimination and encourage applications from a diverse range of candidates. Financial Assistance Each Fellowship provides: Approved return airfare from the fellow’s home country to the UK Reimbursement of the standard visa application fee Stipend (living allowance) payable monthly (or pro rata) for the duration of the award at the rate of £1,782 per month, or £2,197 per month for those at organisations in the London metropolitan area (rates quoted at 2021/22 levels) If a fellow declares a disability, a full assessment of needs and eligibility for additional financial support will be offered by the CSC. See the CSC disability support statement for more information Arrival allowance of up to £972.59 (rates quoted at 2021/22 levels), including an element for warm clothing For the Clean Energy, Air and Oceans programme a £1,000 travel allowance per fellow to facilitate attendance at events (administered by host organisations) A maximum of £3,000 per fellow can be agreed by host organisations for short courses/conferences as well as travel to visit other UK organisations where this forms an integral part of the programme. Host organisations should bear in mind the restrictions set out in our guidance on claimable costs. How to Apply? Applications for prospective Fellows are now open. Click here to submit your application. Contact Please email professional.fellowships@cscuk.org.uk. For more information visit the official page here.

Sumasri

Jul 20, 2022

Delhi Assembly Research Centre Fellowship Programme

About the Programme Delhi Assembly provides a unique opportunity to young minds to be part of the Delhi Assembly Research Centre (DARC). DARC aims to establish itself as a world class Research Centre for Legislators, Government and public spirited Citizens and Organizations. Meritorious Youth would be involved in crucial phases of Legislation, Committees and overall Governance. Key Features Fellows / Associate Fellows will be assigned to work with the Legislators and Delhi Assembly Secretariat and in close coordination with the Departments of Delhi Government. They shall have a clear interest, aptitude and commitment to public service. A consolidated sum of ?1,00,000 per month to Fellows and ?60,000 per month to Associate Fellows will be provided in the form of Stipend. NOTE Fellows/Associate Fellow/Associate Fellows (Media) who are presently working or have worked in the past under DARC Fellowship Programme shall not be eligible to apply for the aforesaid Programme. Dates Online Application Submission Deadline 10-Aug-2022 Contact DARC (Delhi Assembly Research Centre) Email : darc@dtu.ac.in For more information visit the official website here

Sumasri

Jul 19, 2022

What is Mooting and How to Moot? A Beginners Guide

Often Confused with debating, Mooting is a specialized application of the art of persuasive advocacy, even though it shares certain comparable characteristics with debating. It has been used at law schools for centuries as part of the process of preparing students to become litigators, and hence plays a significant role in legal education. This article aims at highlighting how mooting as an activity works and how to get started. Keep Reading! A moot court is an academic or curricular activity in which students "try" a legal matter in front of an appellate court. This is not to be confused with a mock trial, in which students present evidence to a judge before a particular trial court. In a civil case, to try facts is to determine if a party, such as a company, is accountable for action or if a party, such as the government, has exceeded its authority or broken some civil law. What is the main difference between a mooting competition and a mock trial exercise? A Moot court competition replicates the setting of an appellate court. On the other hand, mock trials usually allow students to practice lower-court trials. They represent a party, prepare a case for trial, and try the case before judges, who are usually law professors, and even from the judiciary. While a mock trial involves the whole, exhaustive trial procedure from start to finish, moot courts only involve a single oral argument for each side, plus a rebuttal for the petitioner. Structure A moot court is a mock court that debates the legal issues presented by a hypothetical case in a fictitious courtroom environment. The moot normally has five participants, but there could be as many as seven. Each team includes two or three members, i.e. the team composition for the competition shall consist of either two individuals (designated as Speakers) OR three members (two of them as Speakers and one as a Researcher) (two of them shall be designated as Speakers and one Researcher). In the event of illness or other unforeseen circumstances, the Researcher may be allowed to argue as Speaker, although the agreement of the Moot Court Convener is required. Through mooting, participants analyse a moot problem, research applicable law, prepare written submissions, and make oral arguments in a moot court competition, which simulates a court hearing. Moot problems are usually set in areas of law that are still being worked out or have just been modified or amended. They typically entail each side arguing two grounds of appeal. The judge arrives, the participants and the judge greet each other, the clerk announces the issue, the participants make their appearances and are then called forward in turn to offer their submissions, the judge asks the participants questions, the court adjourns, and the judge returns to deliver a brief ruling and also provides some feedback to the participants. Currently, Indian law schools have an increasingly active mooting culture. Most law schools have their mooting contingent, where new students are added every year through intra-mooting competitions or some other selection parameters. Some of the leading national and international mooting competitions include: National Mooting Competitions Surana & Surana National Corporate Law Moot Court Competition Bar Council of India International Law Moot Court Competition NUJS Herbert Smith National Corporate Law Moot Court Competition KK Luthra Memorial Virtual Moot Court Competition Leading International Mooting Competitions Price Media Law Moot Court Competition Nelson Mandela World Human Rights Moot Court Competition Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition Henry Durant Human Rights Moot The Annual Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot Preparation before Oral Arguments Examining the Moot Problem The Moot Problem is a problem consisting of 5 to 15 pages that lay forth the case's indisputable facts and explain the lower courts' rulings and reasoning. Two categories of information stated in the problem must be given specific attention by the participant: procedural facts and historical facts. Procedural facts are crucial because they describe the procedure by which the case progressed from lower to higher courts. Judges in Moot Court often like to put participants to the test on their procedural knowledge of the matter they're arguing, so knowing the procedural facts is extremely essential. Case Law Research Participants must read the cases listed in the moot problem, as well as the cases cited by those cases. The participant will obtain a greater grasp of how the relevant legislation has evolved, the arguments and various public policy reasons that led to the law, and the present condition of the legal issues through reading cases on the subject. Certain legal norms will become obvious to the participant as a result of his or her actions. The cases will serve to flesh out the most essential legal norms, allowing the advocate to have a better understanding of the most crucial aspects and legal concerns. Memorial Preparation Every moot has two parts: an oral submission and a written submission. A moot memorial is the written submission of a moot. The Memorial is to be submitted before the Moot Court Competition, wherein teams produce written arguments, and during the Competition will present oral pleadings based on the written memorials. It's worth noting that they can move beyond the scope of their memorial. Cover page The Cover Page includes the moot court title and your college name, the title of the competition, the name of the case law, and the team code. In general, petitioners/plaintiffs/appellants are blue, while defendants/respondents are red. Table of Contents It offers a rundown of the Memorial's chapters and paragraphs. Page numbers are also supplied for the judges' convenience. Authorities Index All materials that support your claim must be included here. The supremacy of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, as well as international rulings, rules, parliamentary decisions, papers, course readings, diaries, and websites, are all mentioned. Abbreviations list It includes all of the acronyms, such as AIR (All India Reporter), SC (Supreme Court), V (Versus), and so on. Each abbreviation should convey the complete meaning, and the same abbreviation should be used throughout the Memorial. Sources Sources include the article, case laws, textbooks, Parliamentary debates, and website also whatever reference given in the moot has to be mentioned in the Memorial. Statement of Jurisdiction A statement of the jurisdiction of the court where the petitioners have filed the lawsuit is known as a Statement of Jurisdiction. It's critical that information is provided and that it's correct for the case's long-term viability. Statement of Facts/Synopsis of Facts A brief summary of facts has to be produced before the Judge in written form. They must be reflective of the facts presented in the case. Statement of Issues All the issues are to be written down in logical order. It should begin with ‘whether’ and end with a question mark. Summary of Arguments The summary of arguments is based on the statement of issues. This is a short abstract of conflicts subject to the issues raised. The facts, laws, and analysis are presented and structured in a logical manner that supports the argument being presented. This is a summary of the disputes that have arisen as a result of the problems presented. It must shed further insight into the case and advocate the legal approach of the team. Guidelines on How to Argue Engaging with the bench is crucial. This demands you to use a variety of abilities, including maintaining eye contact with the judge, speaking at a suitable level and tempo, replying to questions directly and properly, and keeping the judge's attention. It is fundamental to remember that, a participant must never interrupt a judge while they are talking. It is completely normal and acceptable to ask the judge to repeat a question, if you are unable to comprehend it or understand it, and also let the judge know that when you truly do not know the answer. Instead, it is better to inform the judge that you are not able to assist them on that question. It is important to be well-versed on the moot topic and able to direct the court to pertinent sections. It is critical to recall what principle a case stands for, as well as whether or not the decision is binding on the court before which the moot is being debated. When making arguments, participants must be ready to extend or limit their submissions depending on how participatory or how interactive the judge is, since this will save precious time on the bench. How well the participant approaches and converses with the bench, how poised he/she remains under the intense pressure of difficult questions, how pleasant and receptive he/she appears to the judges, and how much eye contact he/she makes with the judges are all used as judging criteria in the competition. To avoid losing scores on the basic aspects, participants must be well-versed in this criterion. Some Do’s And Don't Of Mooting Even body language, gesticulation, hand movements, and diction can add or take value from a moot presentation. It is, therefore, important to keep track of the same. One may address the judges individually as ‘judge or collectively as ‘the Court’. When asked a question, answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ and then explain your answer. As per protocol, one must open his or her argument through the following statement: “May it please the Court, my name is ________ and I appear on behalf of ______. My submission will address…” As per usual practice, one may conclude his or her argument through the following statement: “Unless the Court has any further questions, that concludes my submission (on behalf of)…” Try to maintain as much eye contact with the judges as possible. Remain respectful to the judges at all times. Crude hand gestures such as pointing fingers at the judge while arguing or addressing them, rude facial expressions showing dissent, impatience, etc. are strictly discouraged. Refrain from using first-person- such as ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘us’, etc, during arguments. One must refer to oneself formally as Counsel. While exiting the courtroom one must not show one’s back to the judges, as this is considered disrespectful. Conclusion In Indian Law Schools, mooting is becoming increasingly prominent. This is because it allows students to develop in several ways: Mooting assists students who are studying law by providing practical implications and knowledge that they would not find in books and would be unaware of, as practical and theoretical knowledge is like two sides of the same coin, and to pass hurdles in professional life, one must excel in both. Moot courts help law students enhance their research abilities because it is based on their research that they will be arguing their case and defending their side, as well as constructing a good moot court memorial on which the opposing team will raise objections and interrogate them. Mooting teaches students how to work successfully as a team and examine their strengths and weaknesses, as well as how to improve them to reach optimum efficiency. It also teaches you how to work with people who are different from you and how to collaborate with them. Furthermore, mooting helps a person gain confidence in talking and presenting their point of view to others. It aids in the development of a person’s confidence to the point where they are not afraid to question or speak in front of an audience and can effectively argue cases and put forth their perspective. In today's increasingly competitive employment market, tangible proof of these qualifications and skills is priceless, which makes the participant a potential employee. Constructivism, experiential learning, and problem-based learning are the three theoretical foundations for mooting as a method of learning. As a result, mooting has a clear place in a law curriculum influenced by such viewpoints.

Sumasri

Jul 14, 2022

How To Write A Research Article- A Guide On IRAC

As a law student, conducting research is one of the most important activities throughout the entire duration of one’s academic pursuits and even in the legal professional sphere. Good research skills are usually acquired through a constant pursuit of quality searching, reading as well as writing. This is especially important in the legal field because the academic curriculum in this field is extensive and substantial. In addition to this, the co-curricular framework in Indian legal education is fairly dynamic, involving a variety of exercises such as moot court competitions, legal drafting engagements, mock trials, and so on- each of which requires strong inclination and skills in conducting relevant research in a short period. During law school, conducting research and writing and publishing papers should constitute a significant amount of one’s co-curricular engagements. Needless to say, publishing quality research papers is quite rewarding in several ways: Writing research papers demonstrates one’s command over that particular issue or field of specialisation as such papers require extensive as well as in-depth understanding of that subject. Good research papers contribute significantly to the advancement of the academic field and make the author an authority on the issue because of their insight and logical analysis. Quality publications are often a parameter for recruiters to judge the acumen of the candidate and to test the depth of their knowledge When your research papers are cited by someone else, it gives a feeling of satisfaction as it is a form of validation of the hard work and effort that went into drafting the paper This article seeks to highlight the basics of writing research articles/papers with special emphasis on the IRAC method which is widely used for structuring such pieces, etc. Understanding IRAC The IRAC method, which is now globally considered a standard for legal analysis or reasoning, is believed to have originated in the United States in around the 1960s. (Source: American Bar Association) IRAC stands for Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion. This rule is often utilised by individuals who are new to the legal field and are yet to develop the acumen where they can effortlessly create and structure a complete and logical argument without any glaring flaws. It is an extremely useful tool for organising any law-related essay-type answer or even an article. The rule primarily helps the individual in dealing with the issue at hand in a comprehensive manner. In the next part of this article, we shall examine each aspect of the IRAC rule in greater detail. Elaborating On The Issue Stating the issue is the first part of the IRAC method. It is also a crucial part of the analysis and therefore the issue must be laid down crisply and clearly. A reader must be able to learn exactly what the legal controversy is, from a prima facie perusal of the Issue section. The Issue section sets the tone for the rest of the analysis as it creates a bridge between the rule and the facts specific to the legal problem one has identified. The only way to do this right is through proper identification of the legal problem. This can be done by repeated reading and a wholesome understanding of the given facts. When it comes to drafting, certain terminology is specific to the legal profession and must be used appropriately. For example, in stating a legal issue, one of the common expressions is the “whether, when” structure. However, there are other legitimate expressions as well. Here are some examples: Whether the right to privacy can be termed a constitutional right even though the Constitution of India does not explicitly recognise it? When is Sameer liable for defamation against his friend Ritu even though he did not know his comments would be published anywhere? Whether the State can take away our fundamental freedoms unconditionally during an Emergency? Stating The Law (Rule) Now that the legal issue in question has been laid down, we have to move on to the next step of the process i.e. stating the law that concerns the given issue. The rule and the facts are inextricably linked. This is an essential step before the next part i.e. application because without first identifying the rules, there will be no foundation for any analysis of the issue. In other words, clearly explaining the law makes it possible for the individual to analyse the issue in terms of what can be a legitimate and acceptable outcome. For stating the rule, one may have to cater to several aspects of the rule or rules in existence which includes the definitions, the elements of the rules themselves, the exceptions to the general rule, limitation or restrictions upon the rule, and lastly, the defences available in case of that law. Definitions help give the reader a better understanding of the subject matter that the legal issue involves, The elements of the law clearly state what the rule allows or prohibits. Exceptions to the general rule create certain special circumstances in which the existing law would not apply. Limitations upon the rule in question demarcate the jurisdiction of the law beyond which it would not be deemed applicable. Finally, defences outline certain situations which allow the defendant or accused under that rule to escape liability even though they are guilty under the said rule. Furthermore, when explaining a legal provision, one must start with the general concepts and then move to specific concepts if any for ease of understanding and coherence. The focus should be on making the reader understand the possible consequences of the rule and how it works in the context of the given facts. Application Of The Rule In The Given Issue This is perhaps the important part of the entire process wherein the legal issue is thoroughly examined in light of all the applicable rules to make certain logical and lawfully valid inferences. The line of reasoning that is taken up by the author in this section should be clearly explained without any degree of ambiguity. A comprehensive analysis always mandates a careful and detailed analysis of all the facts available. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no omission of important information, except for cases where such information is entirely irrelevant. What Not To Write Sameer, a police officer was giving Ravi a sobriety test, he noticed that Ravi fit the description of an eyewitness to the robbery, giving the police officer probable cause to arrest Ravi. How To Write This In this case, Pete the police officer realised that Dan fit the description of the suspect, providing probable cause for the arrest because Dan was extremely tall at 6'4", was wearing a green and tan sweater with purple patches and pointy-toed alligator cowboy boots, fitting the description provided by the eyewitness to the robbery. Conclusion In this last part of the process, one must summarise the issue, rule, and especially analysis briefly and crisply. The conclusion seeks to highlight the outcome or inference of the analysis to provide a logical answer to the legal issue in question. Example Of IRAC Method Issue: Under generic American state law, Lucy is guilty of leaving the scene of an accident but is likely justified in doing so due to the nature of the injury she sustained. Rule: Under Public Act 9.98 “it is illegal for any involved party to leave the scene of a vehicular accident before the police arrive”; Smith v. Smith held that “an involved party is defined as any person driving or riding in a vehicle involved in an accident”. Furthermore, the Public Act 9.99 states that “an involved party is justified in leaving an accident if seeking immediate & necessary medical treatment”. Another landmark case, Jones v. Jones, lays down that “necessary medical treatment is any treatment that a reasonable person would deem necessary”. Application: Lucy was driving a car down a rural road and got hit by another vehicle that was exiting a driveway. Lucy suffered a sprained wrist that developed severe swelling. A passerby drove Lucy to the nearest hospital before any police arrived on the scene. Because Lucy was driving a car that was involved in an accident, she is an “involved party” under Smith v. Smith. Because she is an involved party and left the scene of the accident before police arrived, she meets the elements of PA9.98 and is likely guilty unless her actions are justified under PA9.99. Arguably, immediate medical treatment was not necessary for Lucy’s sprained wrist, thus she would not be justified in leaving the scene under PA9.99. Because Lucy’s wrist experienced severe swelling, she has a strong argument that she reasonably believed that her injuries were much worse than a sprain, and thus she was justified in leaving the scene under Jones v. Jones. Therefore, this may come across as a logical and reasonable defence to Lucy’s actions that result in non-liability. Conclusion: Although Lucy meets all elements of PA9.98, leaving the scene of an accident, she will likely be deemed justified in leaving that scene due to the severe appearance of her injuries. If the court does not accept her argument, that she reasonably believed the medical treatment was immediately necessary, she will be found guilty. Some Do’s And Don’ts Of Writing A Research Article Do’s Ideas and concepts should be explained in a precise way. Writing stories in an elaborated way is not good for a useful paper. Mention all the research techniques and methods used in the paper and justify each of them with specific reasons. The findings of the research and the ideas proposed by you could match up with another researcher in the future so always be very accurate while mentioning the results. Don’ts Never write any false or misleading statement as it reduces the effectiveness of the paper. Refrain from writing unnecessary stuff to lengthen the paper. Always use sufficient data to frame the point. Do not exceed the recommended word count as it shows that you have trouble following the guidelines and do not know how to manage within the specified limits. Citing blogs and Wikipedia is a strict no-no as they are unofficial information and undermine your credibility as a researcher. Always use authorized papers or articles for citing. Plagiarism in your research paper directly or indirectly affects your credibility level. So always proofread the documents multiple times. The IRAC method is a critical tool used by lawyers and legal scholars for in-depth analysis. It can be used to draft legal documents and to complete law school assignments and assessments. It allows the users to dissect difficult legal cases into more manageable portions and helps them to write or communicate their ideas in an effective, yet concise manner. Since legal issues are complex, so are legal writings. The IRAC methodology provides an organized approach to the writing task, helping to simplify arduous concepts. LEGALBOTS wishes you all the best!

Sumasri

Jul 13, 2022

Ramakant Munjal Scholarships 2022 by Hero Group

Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the Hero Group’s Ramakant Munjal Scholarships 2022. About Ramakant Munjal Scholarships Hero Group’s Ramakant Munjal Scholarships offer them just what they need—financial support to pursue finance-related courses. This financial support allows students to get admissions to reputed colleges and pursue their dream of a promising career and a better life. Accepted Degrees and Courses Courses accepted: BBA, BFIA, B.Com(H,E), BMS, IPM, BA (Economics) degree courses.” To see the list of colleges accepted, click here. Eligibility Criteria Degree Course: BBA, BFIA, B.Com(H,E), BMS, IPM Minimum Qualification: Class 12th Minimum marks in Qualifying Exams: 10th marks 70% for entrance exam route & 80% for 10th marks route. 12th marks 70% for entrance exam route & 80% for 12th marks route. Age: Maximum 19 years as on 31.05.2022 Annual Family Income: Less than Rs. 4 Lakhs Scholarship Award A scholarship of Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 5,00,000 is awarded to each student per year for a period of 3 years for completing their education. (The exact scholarship amount will depend on the accepted college fees). Selection and Application Process Once students apply for the scholarship, they are screened through telephonic, written as well as face-to-face interviews. Only the ones who exude confidence and show a promising future are selected for this scholarship. Here is the stepwise process: Application Form Career Assessment Test Essay form 1st Round of Telephonic Interview Call Documents Submission including college acceptance letter Final Round of Interview (Telephone or Face to Face) Award given to the selected students Date Application Starting Month every year June Application Closing Month every year October Result announcement Month January Contact Email: scholarships@rkmfoundation.org Phone: +918851669577 For more information click here

Sumasri

Jul 12, 2022

Maples Group Scholarship 22-23 (LLM Business Law) at University College Cork, Ireland

The Maples Group is inviting applications for providing scholarships to LLM Business Law applicants at University College Cork, Ireland for the year 2022-23. About Maples Group With over 50 years of experience in the financial services industry and expertise in the provision of a wide range of domestic and international services, we have become a global partner to our clients with offices strategically situated to best serve their needs. About the Scholarship The Maples Group is providing scholarships to eligible LLM Business Law candidates for the year 2022-23. Eligibility Criteria Students must secure a minimum grade of 2.1 in an approved primary degree or equivalent. Students must have applied for the LLM Business Law programme via the UCC Applications System, have received an offer and have accepted a place on the programme to qualify to apply for the Scholarship. You must apply for the LLM Business Law programme to be eligible for this scholarship. More Details Applications must include a short personal statement in response to the following (max. 500 words per question): What are your career aspirations for the next 5 years? What impact would receive this scholarship have on you? Selection Criteria The shortlisted students (max 5) will be chosen and an interview will take place to discuss your application. The judging panel will include a representative from Maples Group and the Dean of the Law School (or their nominated representative). Applicants must name at least two referees – one academic and one professional. Important Note Please note if a scholarship holder withdraws from the programme for which s/he has registered or fails to continue throughout the year to meet the attendance and other requirements for the programme, including examination entry, s/he may be required to repay to the College the whole or part of the scholarship. Application Submission Guidelines Applications should be submitted to Programme Administrator through this email address – d.odonovan@ucc.ie The online application can be accessed by this link here. Important Dates Application Opens: June 1, 2022-23 Application Closes: July 31, 2022-23 Contact Information Regarding any queries write to Dr Fidelma White at f.white@ucc.ie For more details click here

Sumasri

Jul 11, 2022

How to Write in Different Citation Styles

A citation is a way of acknowledging the creative and intellectual contributions of others that you used to support your research. It can also be used to identify specific sources and minimize plagiarism. A citation may typically include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A citation style specifies the material that must be included in a citation, as well as how that information is organised, including its punctuation, and another formatting.[1] The citation style you choose will be heavily influenced by the discipline in which you're writing. Your instructor may recommend or demand a particular style for numerous assignments. If you're not sure which one to use, check with your instructor or the publisher whether you're submitting a manuscript to see if they demand a specific style. In certain circumstances, you may not be compelled to employ a particular style as long as you choose one and stick with it. There are numerous methods for citing sources from your research. The citation style used can vary depending on the academic discipline, and some of the styles such as Bluebook, OSCOLA and ILI are explained below. 1. Bluebook[2] Cases General Rule: [Plaintiff/ Appellant/ Applicant] v. [Defendant/ Respondent], [Citation]. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, AIR 1962 SC 933. Index of Authorities (IoA): Addition to the citation: If the pages referred to are 933, 934, and 935, then the addition in IoA would be the last page number referred. Kesavananda Bharati v. the State of Kerala, AIR 1962 SC 933, 935. Statutes General Rule: Central Legislation , § , No. , Acts of Parliament, (). State Legislation , § , No. , Acts of State Legislature, (). Banking Regulation Act, 1949, § 3, No. 10, Acts of Parliament, 1949 (India). Maharashtra Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1953, § 5, No. 40, Acts of Maharashtra State Legislature, 1953 (India). IoA: The section referred to will not be mentioned. Banking Regulation Act, 1949, No. 10, Acts of Parliament, 1949 (India). Maharashtra Labour Welfare Fund Act, 1953, No. 40, Acts of Maharashtra State Legislature, 1953 (India). Constitution General Rule: [INDIAN CONST.] art. , §, cl. , amended by The Constitution. INDIA CONST. art. 1, § 9, cl. 2. INDIA CONST. art. 269, § 9, cl. 3, amended by The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000. Articles General Rule: [Author’s name], [Title of the article], [Journal Volume Number] [NAME OF THE JOURNAL (abbreviated)] [Starting Page of the Article], [Pages Cited] [(Year)]. Emre Öktem, Turkey: Successor or Continuing State of the Ottoman Empire?, 24 LEIDEN J. I NT'L L. 561, 575-576 (2011). David E. Graham, Cyber Threats and the Law of War, 4 J. NAT'L SEC. L. & POL'Y 87, 91 (2010). IoA: Only the Starting Page of the Article will be mentioned and the other pages cited will not be mentioned. Emre Öktem, Turkey: Successor or Continuing State of the Ottoman Empire?, 24 LEIDEN J. I NT'L L. 561 (2011). David E. Graham, Cyber Threats and the Law of War, 4 J. NAT'L SEC. L. & POL'Y 87 (2010). Books General Rule: [Volume Number, if any] [AUTHOR ’S NAME], [TITLE OF THE BOOK] [Page Number] [(Publisher’s Name Year of Publishing)]. 2 DD BASU, CONSTITUTION OF INDIA 201 (2010). Index of Authorities (IoA): The page number will not be mentioned. 2 DD BASU, CONSTITUTION OF INDIA (2010). Multiple Editions, Same Publisher: General Rule: [AUTHOR ’S NAME], [TITLE OF THE BOOK] [Page number] [(Edition Year of Publishing)]. FRANCIS A. CAREY, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 310 (6th ed. 2006). Online Sources Online-only Sources: [NAME OF WEBSITE], [URL] [(last visited Date)]. BEN & JERRY’S HOMEMADE ICE CREAM, http://www.benjerry.com (last visited Oct. 6, 2008). Dynamic webpages, such as blogs: [Name of the author], [ Name of the article], [NAME OF THE WEBPAGE] [(Date of access, time of access)], [URL]. Asahi Shimbun, A-Bomb Disease Ruling, JAPANESE L. BLOG (Mar. 27, 2009, 9:29 PM), http://japaneselaw.blogspot.com. Online source that preserves original paging, such as a PDF: [Name of the author], [ Name of the article], [Journal Volume Number] [Name of the Journal (abbreviated)] [Starting Page of the Article], [Pages Cited] [(Year)], [URL]. Kenneth W. Simons, Retributivists Need Not and Should Not Endorse the Subjectivist Account of Punishment, 109 COLUM. L. R EV.1, 3 (2009), http://www.columbialawreview.org/Sidebar/volume/109/1_Simons.pdf. Direct Citations to Internet Sources: [Name of the author], [ Name of the article], [NAME OF THE WEBPAGE] [(Date of publication, time of publication)], [URL]. Eric Posner, More on Section 7 of the Torture Convention, VOLOKH CONSPIRACY (Jan. 29, 2009, 10:04 AM), http://www.volokh.com/posts/1233241458.shtml. 2. The Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities-OSCOLA[3] Cases General Rule: Case Name – Neutral Citation (which includes Volume and the first page of relevant Law Report). Guru Nanak Foundation v. Rattan Singh and Sons, AIR 1981 SC 2075. Note: If the name of the case is given in the body, only the Neutral Citation is to be mentioned in the Footnotes. Statutes General Rule: [Short Title of the Act] [Year] Banking Regulation Act 1949 Books General Rule: Author of the Book, Title of the Book (Edition, Publisher Date) Nadine El-Enany, Bordering Britain: Law, Race and Empire (1st ed, Manchester University Press 2020) Journal Articles General Rule: Author, “Title of the Article.” Journal Title Volume(Issue) (Date): Page Numbers Peter Fitzpatrick. “Racism and the Innocence of Law.” Journal of Law and Society 14(1) (1987): 119-32. Websites General Rule: Author, ‘Article Title’ (Date) Website Title accessed date James Boyle, ‘A Manifesto on WIPO and the Future of Intellectual Property 2004 DukeL & Tech Rev 0009 accessed 18 November 2009 3. Indian Law Institute-ILI[4] Cases All India Reporter (AIR) General Rule: Case Name, AIR Citation Kesavnanda Bharati v. the State of Kerala, AIR 1962 SC 933. (In this example, the year 1962 is the year of the case, SC is the abbreviation of the law reporter and 933 is the page number on which the case exists in the SC 1962 Booklet.) Note: If the name of the case is given in the body, only the Citation is to be mentioned in the Footnotes. Supreme Court Cases (SCC) General Rule: Case Name, SCC Citation Jassa Singh v. the State of Haryana (2002) 2 SCC 481 (In this example, the year 2002 is the year of the case, ‘2’ is the volume number, SCC is the abbreviation of the law reporter and 481 is the page number on which the case exists in the 2nd volume of SCC 2002 Booklet.) Statute General Rule: Short Title of the Act, Year (Act of ) The Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000) Books By a Single Author: Author Name, Title Pg. No. (if referring to a specific page or pages) (Publisher, Place of publication, edition/year of publication). E.g. M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law 98 (Kamal Law House, Calcutta, 5th edn., 1998). By Two Authors: Author Name, Title p.no. (if referring to a specific page or pages) (Publisher, Place of publication, edition/year of publication). E.g. M.P.Jain and S.N. Jain, Principles of Administrative Law 38 (Wadhawa, Nagpur, 2001) By Multiple Authors (More than Two): Name of the first two authors, et.al., Title of the book p.no. (if referring to a specific page or pages) (Publisher, Place of publication, edition/year of publication). E.g. Jerry L. Mashaw, Richard A. Merrill, et.al., The American Public Law System – Cases and Materials 50 (West Group, St. Paul, MN, 1992). Journal / Newspapers General Rule for a paper published in a journal/periodical: Author name, title within inverted commas, volume number of journal, Name of the journal in abbreviation & page number (year). K. Madhusudhana Rao, “Authority to Recommend President’s Rule under Article 356 of the Constitution” 46 JILI 125 (2004). General Rule for a paper published by a case reporter: Author Name, title within inverted commas, volume number of reporter, Name of the reporter in abbreviation & page number (year). P.K. Thakur, “Permissibility of Probation in Offences Punishable with Minimum Imprisonment” 2 SCJ 26-38 (2002). General Rule for a write-up published in a newspaper/periodical: Writer’s name, the title of the write-up within inverted commas, Newspaper’s name, date. Robert I. Freidman, “India’s Shame: Sexual Slavery and Political Corruption Are Leading to an AIDS Catastrophe” The Nation, Apr. 8, 1996. General Rule for an editorial from a newspaper: Editorial, Title of the Editorial within inverted commas Name of the newspaper, date. Editorial, “Short-circuited” The Times of India, Aug. 2, 2004. Websites If the websites give information about when it was last modified, it must be cited, if not, cite the date of visiting the website. Information Technology Act 2000, India, available at: http://www.mit.gov.in/it-bill.asp (Last Modified July 29, 2003). Information Technology Act 2000, India, available at: http://www.mit.gov.in/it- bill.asp (Visited on July 29, 2003). 4. American Psychological Institute - APA Cases General Rule: Case Name, Volume Number, Court. Pg No <(Year)>. Kesavananda Bharati & Ors. v. State of Kerala & Anr., 4 S.C. 225 (1973). Statutes General Rule: Act name, § Section Number (Year). Information Technology Act, § 65 (2000). Books General Rule: Author name, Initials. Year, Title, <(ed. Number)>. Place of Publication, Publisher name. Alibi, M.W. Learning new problem-solving strategies leads to changes in problem representation, (ed. 4). New York, Science Direct. Articles General Rule: Author, (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume Number (Issue Number), Page Number. DOI Alibi, M.W. Learning new problem-solving strategies leads to changes in problem representation, Cognitive Development, 24(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.12.005 [1]Citing Sources, University Libraries by the University of Washington. https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=341448&p=2802215. [2]Harvard Bluebook [20th Edition], https://www.scconline.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/20th-Harvard-bluebook.pdf. [3]OSCOLA [4th Edition], Faculty of Law, University of Oxford. https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_4th_edn_hart_2012.pdf [4]ILI Citation Style. https://www.ili.ac.in/cstyle.pdf

Sumasri

Jul 07, 2022

How to Write a Resignation Letter? (With Samples)

Whether or not to move on from your current job is not an easy decision to make. But one thing that doesn’t have to be as difficult as making that decision is writing a resignation letter. What is a Resignation Letter? The resignation letter is a notice sent by the employee to their employer informing them that they are leaving the company. In other words, it is an official way of saying that the employee no longer wishes to continue in the job. The purpose of this letter is to create a formal document of notice and record the details about the employee's last day at work, explain the employee's next steps, and maintain a positive relationship with the employer. What to include in a resignation letter? Tip: If you are planning to resign, it is best to speak directly with your manager so they have the time to prepare for it. Request a video chat or phone call if you work remotely. Follow your manager's instructions for the next step. In certain situations, your employer may ask you to leave on the day you resign so plan accordingly. Statement of resignation from the company State clearly that you are writing to submit your formal resignation from the company. You may include your title as well in your letter. Date of last day of work Every company has specific instructions around what your last date of work is required to be, depending on the notice period to be served. Once you have obtained the information, state the date and day of your last day at the company. Statement of gratitude Maintaining positive relationships is always advisable. Writing a few sentences explaining what you appreciate about your time at the company and with your co-workers can help facilitate a peaceful transition. Next steps or important information Include any important information the recipient should know about your transition. It is best to discuss these details in advance with your manager. Signature Lastly, sign your name after concluding the letter with a closing statement such as "Thank you." What not to include in a resignation letter? Regardless of how much you want to say, it is better to keep the conversation limited to your resignation. Here are some considerations on what you should keep off the letter. Don’t Complain about the inconvenience It’s generally not recommended to end things on a negative note. Try not to include any bad remarks or harsh words for your superior. Life doesn't always match your expectations, but that doesn't stop anyone from searching for what they want. It is advisable that you not hold grudges against your workplace if you want to move on to a new beginning. Besides, ending things on a good note might ensure a good reference if needed by your next organisation. You may also want to rejoin your current organisation at a later point. A short/no explanation is better It is not necessary for anyone to know why you are leaving. You are not required to tell anyone unless and until you wish to. When you are asked to write the precise reason, you can simply write something very common if the real reason is too complicated or personal. Keep your personal feelings out Do not show any dissatisfaction based on anything that might have happened. Remember that if you have had a bad experience at the company, it will soon end. So farewell in peace. Don’t include any other job details You need not reveal what you will be doing next or describe your new position at another organisation if you are joining any. Sample 1 Dear WXYZ, I am writing this letter to notify you formally that I am resigning from my position as assistant sales manager of (Company name), effective December 31. I appreciate the opportunity for professional growth you provided during my time at (Company name). Thank you for your support and encouragement. Please let me know how I can help during the transition period. I wish you and the company the best. Sincerely, Your Name Sample 2 Dear Ms GHIJ, Please accept this letter as formal notification of my resignation from the position of Marketing Manager of (Company Name). My last day will be Friday, March 15. I must thank you for the opportunity to work in this role for the past five years. During my tenure, I had the chance to work with the heads of research, procurement, human resources, sales, and marketing. I appreciate the many training sessions and growth and development initiatives that have made me a thorough professional in the heavy manufacturing industry. In the next few weeks, I will complete all pending tasks, and I am willing to assist in the hiring and training of new employees during that period. Please let me know how to assist with the transition process. I wish you and the company success and hope to keep in touch. Sincerely, Your Name Sample 3 Dear XYZ, Please accept this letter as formal notification that I am resigning from my position as Account Executive of (Company Name). My last day will be Thursday, August 2. Thank you so much for the opportunity to work in this position for the past three years. I have greatly enjoyed and appreciated the opportunities I’ve had to grow our team and pipeline, be a part of creating a great product, and work with my colleagues, and I’ve learned so much, which I will certainly take with me throughout my career. I will do everything possible to wrap up my duties and train other team members over the next two weeks. Please let me know if there is anything else I can do to help during this transition. I wish the company continued success, and I hope to stay in touch in the future. Sincerely, Your Name

Sumasri

Jul 06, 2022

Criminal Law Reform Project Fall 2023 Fellowship, ACLU, New York

About American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) The ACLU dares to create a more perfect union – beyond one person, party, or side. Our mission is to realize this promise of the United States Constitution for all and expand the reach of its guarantees. For over 100 years, the ACLU has worked to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution and laws of the United States. Whether it’s ending mass incarceration, achieving full equality for the LGBTQ+ community, establishing new privacy protections for our digital age, or preserving the right to vote or the right to have an abortion, the ACLU takes up the toughest civil liberties cases and issues to defend all people from government abuse and overreach. Roles and Responsibilities of the Fellows Conduct legal research and analysis and develop theories to support new litigation projects Draft legal memoranda, pleadings, affidavits, motions, and briefs Interview witnesses and potential clients Participate in discovery and trial practice Draft and edit public education and non-litigation advocacy materials Provide support and assistance to ACLU affiliates and cooperating attorneys Help manage summer legal internship program and supervise student interns Engage in public speaking and attend meetings and/or conferences as needed Center principles of equity, inclusion, and belonging in all work, embedding the values in program development, policy application, and organizational practices?and processes Commitment to the mission of the ACLU Demonstrate a commitment to diversity within the office using a personal approach that values all individuals and respects differences in regard to race, ethnicity, age, gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, religion, disability and socio-economic circumstance Commitment to work collaboratively and respectfully toward resolving obstacles and/or conflicts Eligibility to Apply for the Criminal Law Fellowship JD or expected to receive a JD by the spring of 2023 Demonstrated commitment to criminal justice and racial justice Willingness to work closely with the CLRP through the funding application process Excellent research, writing, and verbal communication skills Demonstrated ability to conduct complex legal analysis and fact-finding Excellent interpersonal skills and a proven ability to work independently as well as within a team Self-motivated with the ability to take initiative, manage a variety of tasks and see projects through to completion Fellowship Duration 2 years Compensation Annually: $76,000 – $87,000 [INR 59 Lacs – 70 Lacs] Location New York, USA For application and other information click here

Sumasri

Jul 05, 2022

Litigation Fellowship at Institute for Justice, USA

Institute for Justice, USA is inviting applications for a litigation fellowship role for the 2023 batch from legal professionals and scholars globally. About Institute for Justice, USA The Institute for Justice, the national law firm for liberty, is the country’s leading public-interest law firm in the areas of economic liberty, free speech, private property rights and educational choice. Their attorneys work on cutting-edge constitutional cases, fight to end government abuses in key areas such as civil forfeiture and qualified immunity, and champion individual rights. Role and Responsibilities of the Fellows If you are passionate about using your law degree to stop government abuses and champion individual rights, there is no better place to be. As full members of case teams, Fellows work with IJ attorneys to bring creative, intellectually rigorous cases to federal and state courts across the country. Fellows work directly with clients and participate in every stage of litigation. No two days are the same, and our new hires jump into action on day one. Outside the courtroom, Fellows have the opportunity to do media writing and appearances, public speaking, grassroots activism and direct advocacy to policymakers and legislators. Throughout the two-year fellowship, Fellows benefit from mentorship opportunities, expert media training, and a supportive and collegial legal work culture. Eligibility for the Litigation Fellowship Excellent writing and communication skills; A desire to create real-world impact and willingness to push the envelope in strategizing how to win challenging cases; A passion for limiting the size and scope of government power to ensure that all Americans have the right to control their own destinies as free and responsible members of society; Judicial clerkship experience (not required, but strongly preferred); Passionate and entrepreneurial attorneys with 0-2 years of experience. Documents Required for Application Resume; Cover Letter; A writing sample that should be approximately 10 pages or less and should demonstrate your best legal analysis. Fellowship Duration August 2023 to August 2025 (2 years) Location Arlington, Virginia (USA) To apply and other information click here.

Gaurav

Jul 04, 2022

Interview with Shubham Borkar- Building a Career in IP Law

Intellectual Property is not a concept of recent origin. In many countries it was conceptualised in the 1800s, however, it is only in the late 20th century that intellectual property became commonplace in the legal system across the globe. Intellectual Property (IP) is a product of human intellect, that is a creation of the mind - inventions, literary, artistic work, symbols, names, images, etc. One does not get IP rights to an idea, process thought, or story, simply by it being in one’s mind. In our effort to share more about a career in Intellectual Property Law with you, we interviewed Shubham Borkar, an IPR Practitioner and Consultant at R.K. Dewan & Co. Shubham is currently also pursuing his doctorate from Oriental University, Madhya Pradesh. Please tell us a bit about yourself. What inspired you to pursue law? My name is Shubham Borkar. I am an Advocate, a Start-up Coach, a Tax / IPR Practitioner and Consultant, a Business Developer, a Legal Author, and also a student of CS (Professional level). I graduated from National Law Institute University (Bhopal) and completed my Post Graduation (LLM) in Business Law and IPR and I am currently pursuing Juris Doctorate JD/Ph.D. in Trademarks Law and Artificial Intelligence. I am presently associated with R.K Dewan & Co. as an Associate in IP Litigation, Prosecution. I have previously worked for Khurana & Khurana Advocates and IP Attorneys, Lakshmikumaran and Sridharan Attorneys. In my school days, I never thought I would become a lawyer. I didn’t possess the requisite skills to become a lawyer. I was more interested in Science than Arts. Like every other child in our neighbourhood, I also dreamt of becoming an Engineer following in my father’s footsteps. To achieve that I sincerely prepared for IIT (JEE entrance). I lacked oratory skills and would shiver if my teachers asked me to recite anything during the morning assemblies. However, while preparing for IIT, my coaching professor, Late. Mr Maheshwari used to have discussions with us after classes on various topics of life. After one such discussion, he told me that I could excel if I pursued law or if I appeared for the UPSC. He said, “You will become a good engineer, Shubham, but I feel you will be a better lawyer or administrative officer”. After hearing him, I gave it sincere thought and started preparing for CLAT after my IIT classes. Over time, I realised that I was able to relate more naturally to legal subjects and enjoyed studying them. I appeared for both Engineering and CLAT examinations, and with God’s grace cleared both exams. But before even the results arrived, I was sure that I would not be enjoying engineering subjects and could not consider seeing myself as one. Thankfully, with my parent’s support, I joined NLIU, Bhopal, and pursued Law. How did you begin your career after completing your law degree? At what point did you decide to pursue a career in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)? What sparked your interest in the field? From the beginning, I wanted to become a lawyer specialising in a particular subject. However, for a Science student, Arts subjects sounded like Latin to me. It was the second year of graduation when my interest was piqued in different specialisations of Law and I became aware of IPR. Since IPR had a harmonious blend of science and law, iI was more drawn to IPR. Thereafter, I applied for an internship with an IP firm. Initially, they were reluctant: being a 2nd-year student and having no knowledge of IPR, I wasn’t a good resource for them, but subsequently, they agreed after my interview. I gave my 100 per cent to learning during that one-month internship. Since then, I was sure of pursuing a career in IPR. After this internship, I went on to intern with all major IPR firms in India. Currently, you’re working as an IP lawyer and consultant at R.K. Dewan & Co. engaged in both prosecution and litigation work, what does a regular day look like for an IP lawyer? On a regular day, I have a few oppositions, counter statements/PR Responses/ agreements, and similar draftings. There are also enquiries both in-person and telephonically and as a consultant I address their queries, explaining the procedure of applying/registering for various IPs’, its related costs, and other details. Since I work for one of the biggest IPR firms in India, we have dedicated professionals for every task and as a senior, I also allocate tasks to the concerned person depending on the nature of the work. I also appear before the District Courts for hearings, as and when required. Apart from these, I also review all publications of R.K. Dewan. Our firm publishes many articles/newsletters/columns/ chronicles, and all of them are reviewed by our team. In 2021, there was a remarkable increase in the number of Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights, Designs, and Geographical Indications published and filed. What are your views on these developments in the country? In one word, promising! India has been continually working on reforming the IP sector. Government and other institutional bodies, whether public or private, are engaging themselves in conducting various awareness campaigns, seminars, and conventions to impart knowledge concerning IP. In the current scenario, even the Common Man is also equally informed about the sector because of the current Government’s policies like Aatmanirbhar Bharat, and Start-up India. All of these initiatives have resulted in this paradigm shift. Parallelly, the Government has also increased the workforce in IP offices which has expedited the prosecution process. Internationally speaking, India is performing better in comparison to many developed nations. We are not behind, we just started late in this race. What are your views on India not having separate legislation for Trade Secrets at a time when everything is going on virtual mode due to the pandemic? In this era of globalization, where companies offshore to various countries for expansion as well as cheaper labour, it is becoming increasingly difficult to protect business strategies and trade secrets. Businesses view technology as secrets rather than patentable information and considering the shift to virtual mode due to the Pandemic, the operations of all the body corporates are dealt with virtually, making it easier to hack the systems thereby enabling the leaking of trade secrets. In India, the only protection that trade secrets have received is through precedents and laws of equity. This absence has always been felt and accordingly, I believe that it is high time that India has its trade secret law. Indian giant IT companies, such as Infosys, Tech Mahindra, and TCS have started creating metaverse experiences across their verticals. What are your views on Artificial Intelligence owning IP rights? Witnessing the advent of technology and its advancements, we at RKD have already engaged ourselves in filing several trademark applications in the metaverse domain. Metaverse has become the new go-to domain. Every brand out there is looking for ways to explore opportunities that Metaverse offers. IP laws were originally human-centric. However, due to technological advancements, AI is grabbing the limelight. Hence, human-centric concepts like consumer confusion and imperfect recollection, would not work very well with AI technology, due to which there is a necessity to revamp trademark laws to accommodate AI-enabled devices. How would you suggest our young students and professionals go about a career in IP law? What avenues are open in this field? IPR being a niche field in law, interest in and willingness to join the field is a prerequisite. This field requires the student/professionals to be updated with current laws and technology and to have in-depth knowledge of the subject. I believe that only after interning in this field, young students who are genuinely interested in the subject and its core should pursue IPR as their subject. The current market scenario has tons of opportunities lined up for them, however, this sector is volatile, i.e., initially, it may seem slightly stagnant, and later as one grows, the opportunities are abundant. A career in the field of IPR laws requires endurance and persistence. Avenues like working as a Consultant in a Law firm, working as an in-house consultant for corporations, being appointed as a Professor in a law institution or acting as an independent IPR law practitioner in your firm, are open to young professionals who wish to pursue a career in this sector.

Gaurav

Jun 30, 2022

How to Prepare for Judicial Services Examinations?

The preparation for the Judicial Services Examination requires a structured approach and a focused mind. Candidates are advised to go through the curriculum thoroughly and plan accordingly before beginning their preparation. Since this is such an extremely competitive exam, it is advisable to start preparation early, possibly in the 3rd year of the 5-year LLB program or in the 1st year of the 3-year LLB program. Additionally, it is important to keep in mind that the number of vacancies is extremely low, and vacancies are not released every year in numerous states. As a result, even if the candidates have a preference for a particular state, most candidates prepare for more than one judicial exam to enhance their chances of passing at least one of them. The candidate must prepare according to the State-specific paper pattern and syllabus for each topic if they choose to take this approach. The Exam is conducted in three stages i.e. Preliminary, Mains, and Personal Interview. It is suggested that one should begin preparing for the Mains exams first, because the material is extensive, and this will automatically prepare the Candidate for the MCQ-based Preliminary tests as well. Pre-requisites Because the exam pattern for each state is different, it is recommended that the candidate first decide and select the state/s for which they desire to appear. As a result, the candidate should review the previous year's question papers from their chosen states to understand the type of questions to expect for each topic, as well as the parking structure. The candidate should prepare a question bank of frequently asked questions and relevant questions from previous year's exams in the chosen state, which will further aid the candidate in preparation. The focus should be on the bare acts, which should be read several times to ensure that the candidate understands the law and improves his or her analytical abilities as well. Preliminary Exams (Prelims) Step 1 The candidate must be familiar with the Bare Acts, as most of the MCQs are built on the Bare Act's foundation. It is advised that the Candidate prepare reference notes in a notebook while reading the Bare Acts to absorb significant parts that they can refer to while revising the following day. Step 2 Preparing a Question Bank of MCQs based on previous year's question papers from the chosen states and solving them will offer the Candidate an advantage and a better understanding of the questions that may appear. This question bank can also come in handy when it's time to revise. Step 3 Candidates are advised to refer to monthly current affairs guides or pdfs for the General Knowledge or Current Affairs section and make it a practice to read newspapers daily. It is also necessary to review judicial decisions, which can be found on subscription-based websites or apps such as Live Law or Bar and Bench. For the Language section, reading the editorial page of a newspaper such as the Hindu or the Indian Express for at least 30 minutes a day is advised. Step 4 Since the Prelims are qualifying exams, it is recommended that candidates enhance their speed and accuracy to complete the test on time. This can be practiced by giving speed tests or comprehensive test series in practice books or online mock tests as well. Mains Exams As stated before, it is common practice to prepare for the Mains exams first since it is a subjective exam, which will automatically prepare you for the Prelims as well. Step 1 While studying for the Mains, it is critical to prepare a timetable and set specific goals. An example of a definitive target in your timetable may be to study at least four subjects every day, allotting two hours to each subject, and gradually increasing your study time as the exam approaches. Step 2 Candidates must develop the habit of practicing writing answers in a timed way by following the timetable outlined above. This could be accomplished by using a timer to practice 2-3 answers from the Question Bank daily. To improve writing speed, the candidate could also practice previous years’ question papers from the selected states. Step 3 It is critical to take notes, and each answer must include at least one case law to support the candidate’s conceptual representation. Candidates must keep track of relevant case laws while taking notes to refer back to them during revision. The notes prepared could be in the shape of mind maps, charts, diagrams, graphs, or even pictures to help the Candidate remember or retain the information better. Step 4 For Essay Writing, candidates must start reading the Editorial Sections of The Hindu and The Indian Express to understand and keep themselves up to date with the contemporary legal and socio-legal issues. This will also help in relating the topics to the Law that is to be studied. Also, by picking up topics from the ongoing affairs in the Country, candidates must practice writing essays and evaluate themselves based on their time, speed, accuracy, language, and understanding of the subject matter. Personal Interview Step 1 The PI is an interview that assesses the Candidate's confidence, behavior, prompt knowledge, and decision-making abilities when faced with a variety of questions. They are primarily framed in such a way to determine whether the candidate is qualified for the judicial position. Pausing for a few seconds, formulating an answer in the mind, and then answering it, could mirror the behavior or confidence positively. This will reduce the risk of inaccuracy while also conveying a positive or a better impression. Step 2 The questions asked in the PI could be two-fold, the procedural laws, general awareness about recent happenings, legal developments in the country and the candidates' opinion on these, and general questions about the candidate's chosen state, hometown, and why they want to be a judge. It is critical to keep up with the national news in the country and any local news relevant to the chosen state and hometown for this purpose. Step 3 Personal Interviews are conducted in high-pressure atmospheres. The Candidate must sit for mock interviews to understand, practice, and experience the real-time interview environment, which will help him/her understand how to tackle questions that are mainly subjective. The Candidate must practice the similar or repeated type of questions that are generally asked in Personal Interviews as minimum words as possible since the interview board is always looking for a short yet apt answer to whatever question has been put forward. This would ultimately acquaint the candidate with the interview process and make them feel more confident while giving the interview. Coaching or Self-Study Self-study will always be vital, whether the candidate takes coaching or not. Simply enrolling in judicial coaching does not guarantee that they will pass the exam. Only a small percentage of those who enroll in coaching classes pass the exam. As a result, effective self-study and selecting the appropriate type of assistance will be most beneficial. On the other hand, using the services of a judiciary coaching that meets the candidates’ needs, on the other hand, can ensure that they get more out of self-study and have all the support they need to prepare for a challenging exam like the judiciary. Daily Habits Reading newspapers for current happenings in and around the Country and the Selected State as well. Reading legal magazines for current happenings in the Legal Industry. Subscribed to Live Law or Bar and Bench for important verdicts. Reading Bare Acts and relevant judgments. Recommended Books for Judiciary Examination Preparation Indian Penal Code Textbook on Indian Penal Code by K.D Gaur The Indian Penal Code Paperback by Ratanlal Indian Evidence Act The Law of Evidence by Batuklal Textbook on the Indian Evidence Act by K.D. Gaur Indian Contract Act Indian Contract Act by R.K. Bangia Hindu Law Modern Hindu Law by Paras Diwan Limitation Act Indian Limitation Act by J.D. Jain Civil Procedure Code Civil Procedure Code with Limitation Act by C.K. Takwani Arbitration and Conciliation Act Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 by Lawmann’s Muslim Law Muslim Laws with Model Nikahnama-Bare act with short Notes by Universal Jurisprudence Jurisprudence by J. G. Riddall Criminal Procedure Code R. V. Kelkar's Criminal Procedure by R.V. Kelkar's Most successful candidates urge applicants to follow the golden rule, which is to concentrate on the Bare Acts. Solving MCQs from question banks or test series available online is also highly recommended by successful candidates. The reason for this is that it is necessary to train the mind in two areas: Solve questions faster. Perform well under pressure. The two most important aspects of any exam are time management and accuracy. The reward will be greater if time is managed well. To read a detailed article on the pattern of the Indian Judicial Services Examination, please click here. Also, for more information on Judicial Services Exams of different States, please click here. LegalBots.in wish you the best!

Gaurav

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